XVI. Translate the following sentences into English

C. Use the same sentences with Complex Objects in short situations.

B. Give your own examples of Complex Object.

2. Я видел, что Николай пришел.

3. Я видела, что Джордж идет по улице.

4. Каждое утро Мэдж видела, как ее сосед раскрывает окно.

5. Мы заставили брата прочесть свои стихи.

6. Мои друзья заставили меня петь вчера.

7. Никто не может заставить меня это сделать.

8. Мы видели, как разговаривали их родители.

9. Мы видели, как дети играли.

10. Она видела, что Нина примеряет шляпу.

11. Алиса видела, что ее сестра взяла книгу.

12. Он видел, что его ученики стоят около школы.

13. Том видел, что она вышла из комнаты.

14. Мать видела, что ее дети сидят и делают домашнее задание.

15. Она видела, что Роджер сидит на диване.

16. Николай видел, что Анна что-то пишет.

17. Я хочу, чтобы вы меня поняли.

18. Я хочу, чтобы вы купили это платье.

19. Я не хочу, чтобы вы уходили рано.

20. Мы ожидаем, что они скоро придут.

21. Учитель заметил, что ученики разговаривают.

22. Она заметила, как ребята вышли из комнаты.

23. - Вы заметили, как они смеялись?

- Да, конечно.

24. - Вы заметили, что они ушли?

- Нет.

25. Она не слышала, как сын вошел в комнату.

26. Она не слышала, как они разговаривали.

27. - Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как она поет?

- Да.

28. - Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он говорит по-французски?

- Нет.

XVII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Complex Object and the way of translating it.

I. The decision of the court obliges the authority to place the child in a community home.

J. The court allowed Mr X. to remain at home.

K. The juvenile court wants this child to have a guardian.

L. Parliament sometimes passes a very general law and expects a minister to fill in the details.

M. After the second reading they meant the bill to be referred to a committee.

N. The impatience of the judge made him feel uncomfortable.

O. I hate people to speak so cynically.

P. I saw him step into a box with a feeling of uncertainty.

Q. I heard the officers on duty speak in soft voices in the next room.

R. The public watched him breathe with difficulty.

XVIII. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Complex Subject and the way of translating it.

I. The data appeared to be wrong.

II. The matter is considered to be complicated.

III. The court is unlikely to give a different sentence.

IV. Young offenders are seen to get training under a supervisor.

V. She is sure to arrive before Monday.

VI. Under a supervision order a child is required to comply with directions made by the court.

VII. Three people are reported to have been injured in the accident.

VIII. He is known to earn money by writing law reports for “The Times”. He is not a very successful barrister.

XIX. Practice the following according to the model. Use the Complex Subject.

Model: A. You asked him the time. Was this part of a plan?

B. No, I just happened to ask him the time.

1. You were looking out of the window when I passed. Was this part of a plan?

B. No, I just happened to be looking out of the window.

You …

- were in the phone box when I passed. Were you watching me?

- looked at your watch. Was this a signal of some kind?

- were waiting for a bus when I passed. Were you watching me?

- travelled on the same train as Peter. Was this part of a plan?

- sat at the same table as Jack. Was this part of a plan?

XX. Practice the following according to the model. Use the Complex Subject.

Model: A. He is afraid of someone.

2. Well, he seems to be afraid of someone.

He …

- suspects everyone;

- prefers to be alone;

- distrusts his neighbours;

- thinks he is in danger;

- avoids people;

- eats very little;

- works at night;

- reads a lot.

XXI. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the translation of the construction “for+Noun+the Infinitive”.

1. The judge waited for the policeman to bring the witness.

1. The matter examined in court was too difficult for the jury to reach their verdict unanimously.

2. The judge announced the sentence for the journalists to hear it.

3. The accused man waited very anxiously for the jury to return with their verdict.

4. I am glad for you to have come at last.

5. She watched for the door to open.

6. The wall was too high for anything to be seen.

XII. Read the sentences with: 1) Complex Object: 2) Complex Subject: and 3) Infinitive as an Attribute. Translate the sentences.

1. The criminal to be arrested must be identified and located first.

2. Extreme egoism and individualism are considered to be the objective and

subjective basic tendencies of criminal behavior.

3. The laboratory examination of certain physical evidence is considered, in

some types of offences, to be the most important part of the investigation.

4. The investigating officer supposed the discovered evidence to be linked with

the suspect.

5. The police officer planned the search of the crime scene to be conducted very

thoroughly.

6. The person to be identified committed a serious crime.

7. The investigator reported of the defendant’s innocence to have been proved.

8. The facts to be collected by the police officer must provide sufficient

evidence to bring the criminal to justice.

IX. The police happened to have located the dangerous fugitive rather quickly.

X. The defendant’s fingerprints proved to be the only means of identifying the victim.

S. The material evidence to be examined in the FBI Laboratory will be sufficient to convict the defendant.

T. The last witness to be interviewed was X, a narrow-shouldered young man who had been the only one in the place to have seen the bandit.

XIII. Translate the sentences into Russian, state the form and the function of the Infinitive.

1. It was necessary to make laws that were clever and comprehensive.

2. Customs need not be made by governments, and they need not be written

down.

3. Sometimes laws are simply an attempt to implement common sense. But in

order to be enforced, common sense needs to be defined in law.

4. Many people believe the distinction between barristers and solicitors should

be eliminated.

5. Even lawyers with the same qualifications and professional title may be doing

very different kinds of work.

6. Most small firms of a attorneys may prepare defences for clients accused of

crimes.

7. In some countries in order to practice as a lawyer it is necessary to get a university degree.

8. To win such an action it is necessary to show that the agreement can indeed be described as a contract.

9. In common law countries, the judge will be guided by decisions made in previous cases.

10. Another principle mentioned above is that there is no contract if one of the parties did not intend to be legally bound.

11. Japanese people rarely sign contracts of employment when take a new job, believing that custom and social obligation will be enough to resolve any differences.

12. In some torts there are specific rules about who may sue or be sued.

13. New legislation is to be introduced to help single-parent families.

14. A number of measures to strengthen the criminal justice system have been taken.

XXIV. Translate into English, using the Infinitive.

1. Я никогда не слышал, как судья говорит по-латыни.

2. Судья заметил, что подсудимая очень бледна, и попросил вызвать врача. 3. Эксперт хотел посмотреть, как автомобиль проедет по трассе.

4. Вор не почувствовал, как полицейский положил руку на его плечо.

5. Мы, кажется, мало знаем о законах по налогам.

6. Говорят, что Питер Эдвардз – хороший полицейский.

7. Вчера ночью мы случайно встретили полицейский патруль.

XI. Родители нарушителя полагали, что дело закончится только штрафом.

XII. Адвокат считал, что его подзащитный может быть выпущен на волю.

XIII. Он ожидал, что второй свидетель подтвердит его версию.

XIV. Вопрос был слишком сложным, чтобы решать его так поспешно.

XV. Вот человек, который подпишет протокол.

XVI. Он тяжелый человек, с ним трудно иметь дело.

XVII. Они не знают его достаточно хорошо, чтобы доверить ему это серьезное дело.

XVIII. Она знала, что ни в чем не виновата, ей нечего было бояться.

XXV. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions:

3. In America a complicated is necessary to alter the Constitution whereas in England it is rather easy to alter the laws.

4. The English Constitution is considered to be flexible because, Parliament can “make or unmake” any law rather easily.

5. To alter the Constitution it is not necessary to have a complicated machinery in England, so all laws can be altered with ease.

6. In theory the Sovereign in the united Kingdom is regarded to be an active party to the making of laws, but in practice he has a shadow veto.

7. In order to understand English Constitutional law you should study numerous documents, various statutes, judicial decisions and others.

8. Though the king is supposed to be the nominal Sovereign, any particular Parliament during the period of its existence is legally supreme.

9. The correctional establishments are supposed to rehabilitate the offenders through labour.

10. Most of historians regard the US Constitution to be a conservative document.

11. This evidence proved to have helped the investigator in solving the crime.

12. The people watched the policeman protect the crime scene.

13. This young man is unlikely to have committed a crime.

14. These facts are expected to help identify the offender.

15. The person to be interviewed is supposed to have witnessed the crime.

III. Причастие

(The Participle)

Причастие – это неличная форма глагола, обладающая свойствами глагола, прилагательного и наречия.

В английском языке два причастия – причастие I и причастие II, традиционно называемые причастием настоящего времени (the Present Participle) и причастием прошедшего времени (the Past Participle).

Как прилагательное, причастие может быть определением к существительному или именной частью составного сказуемого:

- a broken agreement - нарушенное соглашение;

- a burning house – горящий дом.

The agreement was broken. - Соглашение было нарушено.

Подобно наречию, причастие может быть обстоятельством, характеризующим действие, выраженное глаголом:

Reading thetext he wrote out Читая текст, он выписывал

new words. новые слова.

Подобно глаголу, причастие имеет переходность и непереходность, соотнесенность во времени, способность поясняться наречием в качестве обстоятельства.

	Voice	Active	Passive
Participle I	Non-Perfect (Indefinite)	Breaking Going	Being broken -
Perfect	Having broken Having gone	having been broken -
Participle II		-	Broken

В английском языке нет причастия прошедшего времени действительного залога от переходных глаголов. Поэтому русское причастие прошедшего времени действительного залога (писавший, купивший, читавший и т.д) переводится на английский язык придаточным определительным предложением.

Студент, писавший это письмо, The student who wrote

мой друг. this letter is my friend.

В английском языке нет деепричастия. Формой, соответствующей по значению русскому деепричастию, служит Participle I в функции обстоятельства. Таким образом, Participle I соответствует в русском языке причастию настоящего времени и деепричастию:

reading – читающий, читая;

falling – падающий, падая.

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