Unit 7. Organizational Structure

A B

custom gratuity

gift costly

operate evade

spell out impolite

rude conduct

behavior explain in detail

avoid act

expensive habit

tip additional

extra present

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:

1. What should you know before going business abroad?

2. In which country is it not recommended to discuss business over dinner?

3. In what countries will you never make written contracts?

4. Where do they change written contracts as conditions do?

5. What is considered polite in the USA?

6. What behavior is usual in Japan and Korea?

7. You shouldn’t bring liquor to an Arab house. Why?

8. What gifts are not acceptable in China?

9. Is the custom of giving tips still common in many countries?

10. Where should you give tip and how much?

Active Vocabulary

Board of Directors to be in charge of Chairman of the Board the Manager Director Finance Department Sales Department Marketing Department Production Department	правління, рада директорів керувати голова правління генеральний директор фінансовий директор відділ збуту відділ маркетингу виробничий відділ
Research and Development (R&D)	відділ наукових досліджень та розробок
Personnel department make decision top executive senior manager	відділ кадрів приймати рішення керівник вищого рангу керівник вищого рангу

The structure of organizations varies greatly according to the nature of the business. There are several factors which influence this structure:

· the number of employees and location;

· the economic sector;

· the type of market in which they operate;

· the type of customer;

· the degree of management control required;

· the complexity of the business activities.

The company is run by a Board of Directors; each Director is in charge of department. However, the Chairman of the Board is in overall control and may not be the head of any one department. The Manager Director (sometimes called the Chief Executive, or President) is the Head of the company, who has overall responsibility for the running of the business.

Most companies have Finance, Sales, Marketing, Production, Research and Developmen t (R&D) and Personal Departments. These are the most common departments, but some companies have others as well.

Most departments have a Manager, who is in charge of its day-to-day running, and who reports to the Director; the Director is responsible for strategic planning and for making decisions. Various personal in each department report to the Manager.

People at the head of an organization are often called top executives or senior managers.

Exercise 1. Give the English for:

структура організації, службовець, економічний сектор, клієнт, управлінський контроль, керувати компанією, рада директорів, голова правління, керівник компанії, відділ збуту, виробничий відділ, відділ кадрів, стратегічне планування, приймати рішення, персонал, підпорядковуватися менеджеру, стратегічне планування.

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