Estrogens

TEXT 5. Read the following text and put questions to it.

While Taking This Drug, Observe the Following

Advisability of Use if Breast-Feeding

Advisability of Use During Pregnancy

Precautions for Use

By Infants and Children: Avoid use in those with a history of bone marrow or blood cell disorders.

By Those over 60 Years of Age: Natural changes in the skin may predispose to yeast infections in the genital and anal regions. Report the develop­ment of rashes and itching promptly.

Pregnancy Category: В (tentative). See Pregnancy Code inside back cover.

Animal studies: No birth defects reported in rat studies. However, this drug is known to cause cancer in mice and possibly in rats.

Human studies: No increase in birth defects reported in 206 exposures to this drug during the first 3 months. However, information from adequate studies of pregnant women is not available.

The manufacturer advises against the use of this drug during the first 3 months. Use during the last 6 months is not advised unless it is abso­lutely essential to the mother's health.

Presence of this drug in breast milk: Yes. Avoid drug or refrain from nursing.

Habit-Forming Potential: None.

Effects of Overdosage: Weakness, stomach irritation, nausea, vomiting, confusion, disorientation.

Possible Effects of Long-Term Use: None reported. Avoid long-term use.

Suggested Periodic Examinations While Taking This Drug (at physician's discretion) Complete blood cell counts.

Foods: No restrictions.

Beverages: No restrictions. May be taken with milk.

Alcohol: Use caution until combined effects have been determined. A disul-firamlike reaction has been reported.

Tobacco Smoking: No interactions expected.

Other Drugs

Metronidazole may increase the effects of

• warfarin (Coumadin, etc.), and cause abnormal bleeding. The prothrombin time should be monitored closely, especially during the first 10 days of concurrent use.

Metronidazole taken concurrently with

• disulfiram (Antabuse) may cause severe emotional and behavioral disturbances.

Driving, Hazardous Activities: This drug may cause dizziness or incoordination. Restrict activities as necessary.

Aviation Note: The use of this drug may be a disqualification for piloting.

Consult a designated Aviation Medical Examiner.

(ES troh jenz)

Other Names: Chlorotrianisene, conjugated estrogens, esterified estrogens, estradiol, estriol, estrone, estropipate, quinestrol

Introduced: 1933

Class: Female sex hormones

Prescription: USA: Yes

Controlled Drug: USA: No Canada: Yes Canada: No

Available as Generic: USA: Yes Canada: No

Brand Names: C.E.S., Climestrone, Delestrogen, DV, Estinyl, Estrace, Estraderm, Estraguard, Estratab, Estrovis, Feminone, Femogen, Femogex, Menest, Menrium [CD], Milprem [CD], Oestrilin, Ogen, PMB [CD], Premarin, TACE

Principal Uses

As a Single Drug Product: This widely used hormone is very effective when administered in proper dosage and carefully supervised. Its primary use is supplemental ("replacement" therapy) when used to treat the following conditions: (1) ovarian failure or removal in the young woman; (2) the menopausal syndrome; (3) postmenopausal atrophy of genital tissues; and (4) postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is also used in selected cases of breast cancer and prostate cancer.

As a Combination Drug Product [CD]: Estrogen is available in combination with chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and with meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown). These mild tranquilizers are added to provide a calming effect that makes the combination more effective in treating selected cases of the menopausal syndrome. See the Drug Profile of the Oral Contraceptives for a discussion of the combination of estrogens and progestins.

How This Drug Works: When used to correct hormonal deficiency states, estrogens restore normal cellular activity by increasing the synthesis of chromatin, RNA and cellular proteins. The frequency and intensity of menopausal symptoms are significantly reduced when normal tissue levels of estrogen are restored.

Дата добавления: 2015-06-25