A) the Stephenson family

Below there are four texts about famous people of Great Britain and the USA. Choose any

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text you like, read it and make up the list of the words you don’t know. Look up the meaning of the unknown words in your dictionary. Be careful because one of your group-mates will translate the text you have chosen without a dictionary, using only the list of words you have written out.

George Stephenson was born on June 9, 1781, in the mining village of Wylam,

Northumberland, England. He went to work as a horse-driver in a coal-mine at an early age and without formal schooling. At nineteen George was put to work on a steam engine. Now he had time to learn reading and writing. In 1814 Stephenson made a design of the Blocher, one of the first railroad locomotives. But George couldn’t build it because he had no money. In 1815 he patented an engine with a steam blast1, by which exhaust steam was redirected up the chimney. The new design increased the engines power and made the locomotive truly practical. In the same year Stephenson also invented a safety lamp for miners.

In 1822 he was commissioned to build a steam locomotive for a railroad line to be built from Stockton to Darlington. His son, Robert, assisted him in survey work for the tracks, and on Sept. 27, 1825, the railroad was opened for public traffic. In 1823 George Stephenson established a locomotive works in Newcastle. George and Robert then cooperated in the construction of a railway connecting Liverpool and Manchester. In 1829, the railway company held a competition to find a suitable locomotive for the line; George and Robert won the contest with the Rocket, an engine with a multi-tubular boiler2. George Stephenson died in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, on Aug. 12, 1848.

Robert Stephenson was George’s only son. He was born in Willington Quay, Northumberland, on Oct. 16, 1803. He studied mathematics at Bruce’s Academy in Newcastle upon Tyne and later attended Edinburgh University. He managed the Newcastle locomotive works and in 1833 was appointed chief engineer of the London and Birmingham Railway, the first railway into London. He directed several major engineering works, but he is best known for his long-span railroad bridges3 Robert died in London on Oct. 12, 1859.

George Robert Stephenson (1819–1905), a civil engineer4 educated at King William College on the Isle of Man, entered his uncle George Stephenson's employ in 1837 during the construction of a railway from Manchester to Leeds. He helped Robert build the Victoria Bridge across the St. Lawrence River in Canada and served as a consultant and designer on independent projects in England and abroad. Upon Robert's death in 1859, George Robert became director of theNewcastle locomotive works.

Notes:

1 steam blast – выхлоп пара

2 multi-tubular boiler – многотрубный паровой котёл

3 bridge span – пролёт моста

4 civil engineer – инженер строитель

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