Language development

Ex 7. Look at the pictures and guess the profession they suggest, then say what each person in that profession does.

1...singer - He sings songs. 6... ............................

2................................. 7....................................

3................................. 8....................................

4................................. 9..............................

5................................. 10...........................

Ex 8. Fill in with the words in brackets.

1. A(n).......... repairs car engines, whereas a(n) uses scientific knowledge to develop machines (mechanic/engineer).

2.A(n)............. is responsible for the preparation and publication of a newspaper, book or magazine, while a(n) prints them ready to be sold (publisher/editor).

3................. work on beaches or in swimming pools and save people from drowning, but...................... are hired to protect famous people (lifeguards/bodyguards).

4............ work in places from which you can buy books, whereas work in places from which you can borrow books (librarians/booksellers).

5. A............... writes articles for newspapers or magazines, while a presents news stories on television or radio (journalist/newsreader).

6. An............... is a scientist who studies the stars and planets, but an makes predictions by studying the positions of stars and planets (astrologer/astronomer).

7.A.................. informs people about the weather on the TV or radio, whereas a studies weather conditions so that the weather forecast can be given (weather presenter/meteorologist).

8............... catch fish which are then sold to.. who sell them in their shops (fishermen/fishmongers).

Ex 9. Here's a list of adjectives describing qualities certain professions need. Read the sentences and fill in the correct adjective.

persuasive, brave, creative, patient, intelligent, polite, accurate, fair, friendly

1. Salespeople need to be to get people to buy their products.

2. A scientist has to be................. in order to understand complex theories.

3. Receptionists should be........... in order to make people feel welcome.

4. Surgeons must be very.......... as they should not make mistakes in their work.

5. A shop assistant has to be......., even when dealing with a rude customer.

6. Lifeguards have to be...... as they often find themselves in dangerous situations.

7. Teachers need to be very as students sometimes take a long time to learn things.

8. Judges should be.................. and give all the evidence equal consideration.

9. Fashion designers should be very … so that they can come up with new designs.

Ex 10. Look at the following pictures and identify the professions. Then match them with the qualities given below, justifying your choice.

brave, imaginative, courageous, helpful, efficient, careful, fit, cheerful, creative, patient, original, hard-working

e.g. A secretary has to be efficient and careful in order to do her work quickly and accurately

Ex 11. The following adjectives describe people's character. Read the sentences and fill in the correct adjective.

generous, impatient, helpful, persistent, selfish, reliable, optimistic, stubborn

1. Tom tends to be quite a.. child; he seldom shares his toys with his friends.

2. Ann is a very.... worker; I can alwaysdepend on her if I want something on time.

3. Mr James is a...... man; he gives a lot of money to the children's hospital.

4. Joe seems...... at times; he never changes his mind and he always does what he wants to.

5. Seb is a(n).... person; he always sees the positive side of even the most difficult situation.

6. Steve tends to be...; he becomes very annoyed when he has to wait in long queues.

7. John is.............; he never gives up and always finishes what he starts.

8. Mary is very...........; when I have a lot of work to do, she always lends a hand.

Ex 12. When would you describe someone as: reserved, pleasant, bossy, rude, spoilt, sensible, sensitive, shy, sociable?

Ex 13. a) What are the qualities, the advantages and disadvantages of being

a pilot? a miner? a fashion model?

b)Discuss with your partner, then write a short paragraph.

Lesson 8.2.3. Income: Wage and Salary. Social insurance. The advantages of a future profession

Ex 1. Look at the words for jobs: teacher, nurse, vet, journalist, designer, hairdresser, secretary, bank worker, receptionist, police officer, soldier, sailor, farmer, gardener, park keeper, waitress, photographer

What do you need to be to do the jobs? Choose from the words below.

imaginative, sociable, hard-working, intelligent, reliable, funny, lively, kind, fun, fashionable, flamboyant, sensible, sensitive, smart, practical, young, organized, fit

e.g. You need to be intelligent to be a teacher.

Ex 2. a) Read and answer the questionnaire. Tick the answer.

In your job or ideal job…

1. Do you work… (inside, outside, in an office, at home, on your own, at weekends, in the evenings, at nights)?

2. Do you need to be … (imaginative, ambitious, attractive, young, physically fit)?

3. Do you … (travel. need to drive, wear a uniform, work with your hands, use a tool, use a machine, make or build anything, need to type)?

4. Do you have to … (talk a lot, meet a lot of people, have special qualifications, speak a foreign language, give orders or instructions to others)?

b)Work in pairs and talk about your answers to the questionaire.

Ex 3. Read the text and define its main ideas.

Income: Wage vs Salary

The difference between wage and salary defines more than how much you end up making per year. We use the terms to often describe differences in types of work, as well as what is actually counted in the final total.

Wages are generally paid per hour. This means that you have to be present and working in order to get paid. Most of the time, wage jobs are not as inclusive when it comes to things like paid vacations, or paid sick days. Wage earners often have to give up pay for leaving early, coming in late, missing a day, or taking a vacation.

A wage is better because you get paid for how many hours you work, while, with a salary, you get a set amount of payment. An example of a job that gets a salary is a teacher. It doesn't matter how much homework they grade over weekends and vacations, they get the same amount of money.

What a "Salary" looks like: $45,000 per year What a "Wage" looks like: $16.50 per hour So, basically, a Salary tells you how much you'll earn either in a month or a year. While a wage tells you how much you'll earn in an hour.

A Wage is, as mentioned, an amount paid per hour. A salary is a fixed amount of pay per week or month (usually paid semi-monthly). A yearly pay is known as an annual amount or annual pay. Other forms of income include piecerate and daily pay (such as for a taxicab driver). Unearned income are normally called benefits or pension benefits.

Wage is payment received by an employee in exchange for labor. It may be in goods or services or food during the labor and its improvement. As per the old custom, the wage is decided as per the hardship of the work, for example, a mason $100, a carpenter $110, a helper $60, a supervisor $80, or so. Besides, when once paid, the relationship of the worker and employer is over. But salary, is the form of money only, i.e., is paid or regular basis such a weekly, monthly along with related insurance plan and retirement benefits and it is fixed on the basis of category / nature of work.

Salary refers to how much you get paid every year. Salary earners rarely have to punch a time clock, or keep an accurate account of their hours, because they get paid for performance rather than by the hour. Salaried workers are much more likely to have paid sick days and paid vacations, and are not docked pay for being late or leaving early from time to time.

Salary can also be counted in terms other than money. Some companies consider reimbursement for things like medical insurance as part of your salary. You can even find some companies blending education and retirement contributions as part of your salary package.

Salary is paid to "exempt" employees. These are people who do not have to account for the hours they put into the job; rather they are paid to get the job done. They still have to account for holidays, sick days and vacation days, just not the individual hours. Often they get bonuses or other incentives since these jobs are largely management, sales or project related. Wages are paid to "non-exempt" or "hourly" employees. These people account for their time on a time card or other record keeping system. Depending on the company, they may earn overtime for extra hours, or be expected to take time off to offset any late hours within the same time period. Usually the employee has to have worked a full 40 hour week to earn overtime. By the way, the employer does not have the right to amend a time card without employee permission/initial.

Historically, we often refer to manual labor jobs as wage jobs, and professional jobs as salaried positions. Wage earners are more likely to be found in positions with high turnover, while salaries are often assigned for positions with low turnover.

We express wages as an hourly payment. We express salary as packages. You might find that you receive a base salary, stock options, retirement, benefits, and bonuses as a salary package.

A person can get different wages in the same month depending on the work he does but a person can get only one fixed salary for a month. A person who earn wages has no fixed work whereas the person earning salary have a fixed post and a particular work schedule to do. Wage is paid only on the basis of the work done, irrespective of provision of work by the employer or not, but what the worker has carried out, whereas salary is paid every interval of week or month based on the schedule of work entrusted and not the work carried out. In terms of accounts, wages is direct expense and is included in trading account whereas salary is indirect expense and is included in profit and loss account.

If you are given the choose between the two and you know that the job is very time consuming then it is more wiser to take an hourly pay then a salary pay. You will make up for everything with the overtime hours put in.

Ex 4. Make up 10 questions to the text in ex. 26.

Ex 5. Explain the words in bold in ex.26.

Ex 6. Underline the correct item.

1. My father gets a wage/salary of £15,000 a year.

2. The perks/bonuses of this job include a company car and a mobile phone.

3. Please bring a copy of your CV/application form when you come for your interview.

4. If you want to appoint/apply for the job you should write to the company.

5. I was made fired/redundant when the company closed down.

6. He left his post/vacancy at the company when he was invited to work for another firm.

7. She is a(n) experienced/trained lawyer; she has worked for several law firms since she left university.

8. Iam a full-time/part-time teacher - I only work twelve hours a week.

Ex 7. a) Compare and contrast the jobs of a farmer and a business executive. Think of the qualities and qualifications needed, the advantages and disadvantages of each (e.g. wage, salary, bonuses, perks, medical insurance etc.)

b)Which of the jobs would you prefer to do? Why? Discuss with our partner, then write a paragraph.

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