Domains of Clinical Psychology. Passive Voice: Simple Tenses

UNIT 10

Passive Voice: Simple Tenses

Конструкции в страдательном залоге используются в тех случаях, когда агент действия неизвестен, либо информация о нем не важна в ситуации, о которой идет речь. Подлежащее предложения в страдательном залоге обычно называет объект, на который направлено действие. Сравните два предложения в действительном и страдательном залогах, описывающих одну и ту же ситуацию:

Wilhelm Wundt (подлежащее, агент действия) published the first experimental psychology textbook «Principles of Physiological Psychology» in 1874 (дополнение) – действительный залог. The first experimental psychology textbook «Principles of Physiological Psychology» was published by Wilhelm Wundt (агент действия) in 1874. – страдательный залог.

Для построения предложения в страдательном залоге во временах группы Simple Passive используется глагол to be в соответствующей временной форме + Participle II. Рассмотрим следующие примеры:

Present Simple Active: Social workers keep careful records of all discussions and interactions with the client.

Present Simple Passive: Careful records of all discussions and interactions with the client are kept by social workers.

Past Simple Active: In the early 1900's, the social work movement in America created many programs and services that we largely take for granted today.

Past Simple Passive: In the early 1900's, many programs and services that we largely take for granted today were created by the social work movement in America.

Future Simple Active: In the future they will place a greater emphasis on adult social work.

Future Simple Passive: In the future a greater emphasis will be placed on adult social work.

Task 1. Change the sentences into Present Simple Passive:

People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the world.

1) One praises a student when he works hard. 2) They make progress every day in the world of science. 3) The organism creates antibodies to kill bacteria. 4) They treat these patients with a new drug. 5) They offer a lot of various services in this rehabilitation center. 6) Schools employ social workers to lessen a great number of problems children have to face with. 7) Social workers identify the student’s strengths and weaknesses using the information obtained through observation of children. 8) Social workers often provide direct counseling to a child. 9) Social workers often refer clients to specialists in services such as debt counseling, childcare or elder care, or alcohol or drug rehabilitation. 10) In hospitals and psychiatric hospitals social workers provide or arrange a range of support services. 11) Social workers offer counseling to those receiving therapy for addictive or physical disorders in rehabilitation facilities. 12) School social workers diagnose students’ problems and arrange needed services. 13) School social workers advise teachers on how to cope with problem students. 14) Social workers usually spend most of time in an office or residential facility.

Task 2. Answer the questions, using a passive construction. Follow the given example:

Where is English spoken? (all over the world) It is spoken all over the world.

1) When are exams usually taken? (at the end of each term) 2) Where are experiments typically performed? (in the laboratory) 3) Where is the information typically stored? (in the computer) 4) When are medicines usually prescribed? (after examination of the patient and making a diagnosis) 5) When are exams re-sitted? (when you fail an exam) 6) When are laboratory analyses typically administered? (when the diagnosis must be confirmed) 7) Where are operations performed? (in the operating-room) 8) Where are clients typically counseled by social workers? (in their offices) 9) Where are social workers usually employed? (in departments of health and human services, mental health, social services, child welfare, housing, education, and corrections) 10) What degree courses are offered to social workers? (a bachelor’s in social work degree, a master’s degree and a doctorate in social work for college and university teaching positions) 11) When are clients referred to other health professionals? (when clients have some related problems such as childcare or elder care, alcohol or drug rehabilitation concerns) 12) When are corrections introduced into the treatment plan? (when treatment interventions are not quite effective)

Task 3. Put the sentences into Past Simple Passive:

The social worker counseled a few clients yesterday. A few clients were counseled yesterday by the social worker.

1) I left my textbook at home. 2) Somebody left the light on all night. 3) They examined the patient on admission. 4) They formerly used mail for communication. 5) The professor delivered an interesting lecture. 6) We revised all the rules and words before the test. 7) The social worker analyzed the changes in the client’s condition. 8) The psychologist started treatment promptly after the initial assessment of the client. 9) They offer cognitive-behavioral therapy as the topic for the seminar. 10) The psychologist used cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help the client to change the way that he thought, felt and behaved. 11) They developed motivational interviewing (MI), a directive, client-centred counseling style, for drinkers. 12) The social worker supported him and his family during his hospitalization dna treatment.

Task 4. Ask questions for further information as in the example:

The article was published. (When, where, who) When was the article published? Where was the article published? Who was the article published by?

1) The client was counseled by the psychologist. (When, who) 2) The problem was solved. (Who, when, how) 3) The idea was suggested. (Who, when) 4) The client was involved in the treatment planning process. (When, why, how) 5) The clinical psychologist was found. (Who, when, how) 6) The notes were checked. (Who, when, why) 7) This suggestion was thought over. (Who, when, why) 8) Everything for the conference was arranged. (Who, when) 9) The drug administration was suspended. (Why, who, when) 10) This client’s findings were recorded in his case history. (Who, when) 11) His lecture was reinforced with slide presentation. (What, why, how) 12) The protocols were signed. (Who, when, how) 13) The psychologist was primarily concerned with the boy’s academic problems. (What, who) 14) The medication was taken by the patient twice daily. (How often, who)

Дата добавления: 2014-11-08