Commonly Used Abbreviations

APPENDIX II

Latin and Greek terms used in English

APPENDIX I

Find the most common idioms in your language, try to find their equivalents in English. Make up sentences or situations of your own using the idioms. Some of them are given below.

Singular	Plural
adenoma	adenomata
albicans	albicantia
amigdala	amigdafae
antrum	antra
apex	apices
apparatus	apparatus
appendix	appendices
aqua	aquae
ascaris	ascarides
atrium	atria
axis	axes
bacillus	bacilli
bacterium	bacteria
basis	bases
bronchus	bronchi
cadaver	cadavera
calculus	calculi
corpus	corpora
crisis	crises
criterion	criteria
cuniculus	cuniculi
datum	data
diagnosis	diagnoses
digitus	digiti
dorcum	dorci
fibroma	fibromata
focus	foci
fossa	fossae
genus	genera
gonococcus	gonococci
ileum	ilea
medium	media
mucosa	mucosae
nodus	nodi
noxa	noxae
os (mouth)	ora
os(bone)	ossa
papila	papilae
pathema	pathemata
pes	pedes
phenomenon	phenomena
polypus	polipi
septum	septa
spasmus	spasmi
sperma	spermata
stoma	stomata
tarsus	tarsi
toxocosis	toxocoses
vesicula	vesiculae
viscus	viscera
zygoma	zygomata

Be careful about using abbreviations. Even frequently used abbreviations may have additional meanings that you are not aware of. Notice that even within medicine, similarities and overlaps exist. Be sure to use abbreviations in context, and use the context of abbreviations you encounter to help determine which meaning is intended. Note that+ some abbreviations may be used with or without periods according to local custom; consult a current medical dictionary.

А
a.c.	before meals (ante cibum)
A&P	auscultation and percussion
A&W	alive and well
abd	abdomen
ABG	arterial blood gas
ACTH	adrenocorticotropic hormone
AD	right ear (auris dexter)
ad	libat pleasure (ad libitum)
ADH	antidiuretic hormone
ADLs	activities of daily living
AE	above elbow
AFP	alphafetoprotein
Ag	antigen
AHD	arteriosclerotic heart disease
AID	automatic implantabledefibrillator
AIDS	acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AKamp	above knee amputation
alt dieb	alternate days
alt hor	alternate hours
alt noct	alternate nights
AMI	acute myocardial infarction
amp	ampule or ampere
amt	amount
Anesth	anesthetic
ANS	autonomic nervous system
AP	anteroposterior
aq	water
ARC	AIDS-related complex
ARD	acute respiratory disease
AS	aortic stenosis or left ear (auris sinister)
ASCVD	arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
AU	both ears (aures unitas)
AV	atrioventricular
В
Ba	barium
ВАС	blood alcohol concentration
BBT	basal body temperature
BE	below elbow or barium enema
BIN	bintwice a night (bis in noctus)
bil	bilateral
BK	below knee
BKAmp	below knee amputation
BM	bowel movement or basal metabolism
BMR	basal metabolic rate
BOM	bilateral otitis media
BP	blood pressure
BPH	benign prostatic hypertrophy
BR	bed rest
BS	blood sugar or bowel sounds or breath sounds
BUN	blood urea nitrogen
Bx	biopsy
С
С	Celsius; centigrade
C/S	Cesarean section
C&S	culture and sensitivity
Ca	calcium or cancer
CA	carcinoma
CAB	coronary artery bypass
CAD	coronary artery disease
cal	calorie; see kcal
cap	capsule
CAPD	continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CAT	computerized axial tomography; also CT
cath	catheter, catheterize
CBC	complete blood count
CBR	complete bed rest
CC	chief complaint or cardiac cycle
cc	cubic centimeter (same as a ML)
CCPD	continuous cycle peritoneal dialysis
CCT	cranial computed tomography
CCU	coronary care unit
CEA	Carcinoembryonic antigen
CF	cystic fibrosis
£ gl	with correction, with glasses
CHD	coronary heart disease or childhood disease
Ch	Choicholesterol
CHF	congestive heart failure
CHO	carbohydrate
CI	coronary insufficiency
cib	food (cibus)
CIS	carcinoma in situ
ck	check
CL	critical list
cm	centimeter
CMA	Certified Medical Assistant
CNS	central nervous system
CO	carbon monoxide
co2	carbon dioxide
comp	compound
contra	against
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CP	cerebral palsy
CPR	cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CRD	chronic respiratory disease
CS	central supply
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CT	computed tomography
cv	cardiovascular
CVA	cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
CVD	cardiovascular disease
cysto	cystoscopy, cystoscopic examination
D
D/C, DC	discontinue
D&C	dilatation and curettage
DCC	direct current cardioversion
DDS	Doctor of Dental Surgery
DEA	Drug Enforcement Administration
DES	diethylstilbestrol
diag	diagnosis
diff	differential
dil	dilute
disch	discharge
disp	dispense
DJD	degenerative joint disease
DM	diabetes mellitus
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DNR	do not resuscitate
D.O.	Doctor of Osteopathy
DOA	dead on arrival
DOB	date of birth
DOE	dyspnea on exertion
DPT	diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
Dr	doctor
DR	delivery room or digital radiography
DRG	diagnosis-related group
DSA	digital subtraction angiography
DTs	delirium tremens
DVA	distance visual acuity
Dx	diagnosis
E
E. coli	Escherichia coli
EBL	estimated blood loss
EC/IC	extracranial-intracranial (bypass operation)
ECG	electrocardiogram; also EKG
ECHO	echocardiogram
EDC	estimated date of confinement
EDD	estimated date of delivery
EEG	electroencephalogram
EENT	eye, ear, nose and throat
Ej	elbow jerk
EKG	electrocardiogram; also ECG
elix	elixir
EM	electron microscope or emmetropia
EMG	electromyogram
ENT	ear, nose, and throat
EOMs	extraocular movements
EP	ectopic pregnancy or evoked potential
ER	emergency room
ERG	electroretinogram
EST	electric shock therapy
et	and
ET	esotropia
etiol	etiology
EUA	examination under anesthetic
exp	expiration
expl lap	exploratory laparotomy
ext	external or extract
F
f orF	Female
F.	Fahrenheit
F.A.C.P.	Fellow of the American College of Physicians
F.A.C.S.	Fellow of the American College of Surgeons
FB	foreign body
FBS	fasting blood sugar
FDG	fluorodeoxyglucose
Fe	iron
FECG	fetal electrocardiogram
FH	family history
FHS	fetal heart sounds
FHT	fetal heart tones
fl	fluid
FME	full mouth extraction
FP	family practice
FRC	functional residual capacity
FROM	full range of motion
FS	frozen section
FSH	follicle-stimulating hormone
FTG	full thickness graft
FTND	full term normal delivery
FU	followup
FUO	fever of unknown origin
Fx	fracture

G
g	gram
GA	gastric analysis or general anesthesia
GB	gallbladder
GC	gonorrhea
GE	gastroenterology
GG	gamma globulin
GH	growth hormone
GI*	gastrointestinal
GLTT	glucose tolerance test
gm	gram
GP	general practice
g^r	grain
grav I	first pregnancy, primigravida
GS	general surgery
GTT	glucose tolerance test
gtt	drops (guttae)
GU	genitourinary
GYN	Gynecology

H
H	hydrogen or hypodermic
h	hour
H&P	history and physical (exami- nation)
н2о	water
HASHD	hypertensive arterioscle- rotic heart disease
HB	heart block
HBP	high blood pressure
HCG	human chorionic gonado- tropin
HC1	hydrochloric acid
hct	hematocrit
HCVD	hypertensive cardiovascular disease
HD	hearing distance
HDL	high-density lipoprotein
HEENT	head, ears, eyes, nose, throat
Hg	mercury
hgb	hemoglobin
HIV	human immunodeficiency virus
HLA	human leukocyte antigen
HLAC	human lymphocyte antigen complex
HPN	hypertension
hr	hour
hs	at bedtime (hora somni)
HSV	herpes simplex virus
ht	hematocrit or height
HV	hospital visit
Hx	history
hypo	Hypodermic
I
I&D	incision and drainage
I&O	intake and output
ICCU	intensive coronary care unit
ICS	intercostal space
ICU	intensive care unit
ID	infectious disease
IDS	immunity deficiency state
IGT	impaired glucose tolerance
IH	infectious hepatitis
IHD	ischemic heart disease
IM	intramuscular or infectious mononucleosis
inc	Increase
inf	inferior or infusion
inj	Injection
int &ext	internal and external
IO	Intraocular
IP	Inpatient
IPPB	intermittent positive pressure breathing
IQ	intelligence quotient
IS	intercostal space
ISG	immune serum globulin
IT	inhalation therapy
ITP	idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IU	international unit
IUD	intrauterine device
IV	intravenous or intervertebral
IVC	inferior vena cava
IVF	in vitro fertilization
IVP	intravenous pyelogram
JOD	juvenile-onset diabetes (type I)
JRA	juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
it	joint
JVP	jugular venous pulse
K
к	potassium (kalium)
KB	ketone bodies
Kcal	kilocalorie
kg	kilogram
KJ	knee jerk
KS	Kaposi's sarcoma
KUB	kidney, ureter, and bladder
KVO	keep vein open
L
L	left or liter
	liter
L&A	light and accommodation
L&D	labor and delivery
lab	laboratory
lac	laceration
lap	laparotomy
LASER	Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
lat	lateral
LBBB	left bundle branch block
LD	lethal dose
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
LE	lupus erythematosus or left eye
lg	large
LH	luteinizing hormone
liq	liquid
LK&S	liver, kidney, and spleen
LLE	left lower extremity
LLQ	left lower quadrant
LMP	last menstrual period
LOM	limitation of motion
LP	lumbar puncture or light perception
LPN	Licensed Practical Nurse
LSD	lysergic acid diethylamide
It	left
LUE	left upper extremity
LUQ	left upper quadrant
LVN	Licensed Vocational Nurse
M
m	male or meter
MBC	maximal breathing capacity
MBD	minimal brain damage
meg	microgram
MCHC	mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCT	mean circulation time
MCV	mean corpuscular volume
M.D.	Doctor of Medicine
MD	muscular dystrophy
MED	minimum effective dose
mEq	milliequivalent
MFT	muscle function text
mg	milligram
mg %	milligrams per cent (mg per 100 ml)
MH	marital history
MI	myocardial infarction
ml or mL	milliliter
mm	millimeter
mm Hg	millimeters of mercury (used for blood pressure)
MR	metabolic rate or mental retardation
MRFIT	multiple risk factor intervention trial
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
MS	multiple sclerosis
MSL	midsternal line
My	myopia
myel	Myelogram
N
n.b.	note well (nota bene)
N/C	no complaints
N&V	nausea and vomiting
NA	not applicable
Na	sodium (natrium)
NAD	no acute disease or no apparent distress
NB	newborn
NED	no evidence of disease
neg	negative
neuro	neurology
NG	nasogastric
NICU	neurologic intensive care unit
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
noct	night
NP	neuropsychiatric
NPN	nonprotein nitrogen
NPO	nothing by mouth (non per os)
NR	no response
NREM	no rapid eye movements (a sleep phase)
NS	not sufficient or normal saline
NSR	normal sinus rhythm
NTG	nitroglycerin
NYD	not yet diagnosed
O
O.R.	operating room
O&C	onset and course (of a disease)
OB	obstetrics
OB-GYN	obstetrics and gynecology
ОС	office call or oral contraceptive
od	every day (omni die)
OD	overdose or right eye (oculus dexter)
OGTT	oral glucose tolerance test
oint	ointment
OM	otitis media
OP	outpatient
OPD	outpatient department
Ophth	ophthalmic
Orth	orthopedics
OS	left eye (oculus sinister)
OS	mouth
ОТ	occupational therapy
OTC	over the counter (drugs)
ou	both eyes (oculi unitas)
oz	Ounce
P
P	pulse
P	after
P&A	percussion and auscultation
РАС	premature atrial contraction
Pap	Papanicolaou
paren	parenterally
Path	pathology
PBI	protein-bound iodine
PBO	placebo
PBZ	pyribenzamine
pc	after meals (post cibum)
PCCU	post coronary care unit
PCU	progressive care unit
PCV	packed cell volume
PDR	Physician's Desk Reference
PE	physical examination
Peds '	pediatrics
PEG	pneumoencephalogram
PERRLA	pupils equal, round, regular, react to light & accommodation
PET	positron emission tomography or preeclamptic toxemia
PFT	pulmonary function test
PG	pregnant or prostaglandin
PGH	pituitary growth hormone
pH	acidity, hydrogen ion concentration
PH	past history
PI	present illness
PID	pelvic inflammatory disease
PKU	phenylketonuria
PLA	polylactic acid
PM	after death (post mortem) or physical medicine or afternoon
	(post meridian)
РМН	past medical history
PMN	polymorphonuclear neutrophils
РМР	previous menstrual period
PMR	paramedic run or physical medicine and rehabilitation
PMS	premenstrual syndrome
PND	paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or postnasal drip
PNS	peripheral nervous system
PO	postoperative
po	by mouth (per os)
pos	positive
post-op	postoperatively
pp	postprandial (after a meal)
PPBS	postprandial blood sugar
PR	pulse rate or peer review
PRBC	packed red blood cells
preg	pregnant
preop	preoperative
prep	prepare
prn	when needed (pro re nata)
pro time	prothrombin time
prog	prognosis
PROM	premature rupture of membranes
PSRO	Professional Standards Review Organization
Psych	psychiatry
Pt	patient
PT	physical therapy or paroxysmal tachycardia
PTH	parathyroid hormone
PU	peptic ulcer
PV	polycythemia vera
PVC	premature ventricular contraction
PVD	peripheral vascular disease
pvt	private
PX	physical examination
Px	prognosis
Q
q	every (quaque)
qd	every day (quaque die)
qh	every hour (quaque hora)
qid	four times a day (quater in die)
qm	every morning (quaque mane)
qn	once every night (quaque nocte)
qns	quantity not sufficient
qod	every other day
qoh	every other hour
qs	sufficient quantity (quantum satis)
qt	quiet
quad	quadrant
R
R	right or respiration
R/O	rule out
R&R	rate and rhythm (of pulse)
RA	rheumatoid arthritis or right arm or right atrium
Ra	radium
rad	radiation absorbed dose
RAI	radioactive iodine
RAT	radiation therapy
RBBB	right bundle branch block
RBC	red blood corpuscle (cell) or red blood count
RBCV	red blood cell volume
RCA	right coronary artery
RD	respiratory distress
RDA	recommended dietary allowance or recommended daily allowance
reg	regular
rehab	rehabilitation
REM	rapid eye movement (a phase of sleep)
resp	respirations
RF	rheumatic fever or rheumatoid factor
RFS	renal function study
Rh neg	Rhesus factor negative
Rh pos	Rhesus factor positive
RHD	rheumatic heart disease
RLC	residual lung capacity
RLE	right lower extremity
RMA	Registered Medical Assistant
RN	Registered Nurse
RNA	ribonucleic acid
ROM	range of motion or rupture of membrane
ROS	review of systems
RP	retrograde pyelogram
rpm	revolutions per minute
RR	recovery room
RSR	regular sinus rhythm
RT	radiation therapy
Rx	prescription or therapy
S
s	single
s	without
S-A	sinoatrial
SC	subcutaneous
SCD	sudden cardiac death
SD	septal defect or sudden death
SDS	sudden death syndrome
sec	second
sed rate	sedimentation rate
SEM	scanning electron microscopy
T
TIA	transient ischemia attack
TIA—IR	transient ischemia attack—incomplete recovery
tid	three times a day (ter in die)
tinct	tincture
TKO	to keep open
TKR	total knee replacement
TLC	tender loving care or total lung capacity
TND	term normal delivery
top	Topically
TPR	temperature, pulse, respiration
TPUR	transperineal urethral resection
tr	Tincture
trach	Tracheostomy
TSH	thyroid stimulating hormone
TSS	toxic shock syndrome
TUR	transurethral resection (of prostate)
TV	tidal volume
T	Traction
U
u	Unit
u&c	usual and customary
UA	Urinalysis
UCHD	usual childhood diseases
UCR	unconditioned reflex
UE	upper extremity
UG	upper gastrointestinal or urogenital
UHF	ultra high frequency
UK	Unknown
ung	Ointment
ur	Urine
UR	utilization review
URD	upper respiratory disease
URI	upper respiratory infection
urol	Urology
URQ	upper right quadrant
USP	United States Pharmacopeia
ut diet	as directed (ut dictum)
UTI	urinary tract infection
UV	Ultraviolet
V
VA	visual acuity
vag	vaginal
VB	viable birth
VC	vital capacity
VD	veneral disease
VDRL	Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
VDS	venereal disease—syphilis
VHD	valvular heart disease or ventricular hi
VI	volume index
vit cap	vital capacity
VLDL	very-low-density lipoprotein
VO	verbal order
vol. %	volume per cent
VPB	ventricular premature beat
VPC	ventricular premature contraction
vs	vital sign
VSD	ventricular septal defect
W
w	water
w/f	white female
w/m	white male
w/o	without
Wass	Wasserman test
WBC	white blood cell or while blood count
wd	wound
WDWN	well developed, well nourished
WNL	within normal limits
wt	weight
X
X	times, sign of multiplication
XM	cross-match
XR	x-ray
XT	exotropia
Y
YOB	year of birth
yr	Year
Z
Z	atomic number (symbol for) or zero or

Таble I

Nouns ending on a consonant or a vowel е	+s	dog — dogs name — names
Nouns ending on ss, х, sh, ch, о	+es	kiss — kisses box — boxes brush — brushes church — churches tomato — tomatoes
Nouns ending on y with previous consonant letter	y→i +es	baby — babies

Plural nouns formation

Дата добавления: 2014-12-10