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English-English vocabulary
Unit 1 anaesthetics - n. a branch of medical science dealing with anesthesia appeal – v. attract, like, fancy attract – v. appeal, like, fancy branch – n. department, limb, path building – n. structure, construction, premises care – n. treatment, concern, mind clinician – n. a physician, psychiatrist, etc, who specializes in clinical work as opposed to one engaged in laboratory or experimental studies degree – n. an academic award conferred by a university or college on successful completion of a course or as an honorary distinction experience – n. practice, test, knowledge general practitioner – a physician who does not specialize but has a medical practice (general practice) in which he deals with all illnesses. geriatrics – n. the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and problems specific to the aged. health centre – premises, owned by a local authority, providing health care for the local community and usually housing a group practice, nursing staff, a child-health clinic, X-ray facilities, etc include (in) – v. contain, hold internal medicine – the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases, esp. of internal organ systems. medical practitioner – someone who practices medicine oppose – v. stand against, persist, prevent order - n. disposition, command, direction paediatrician – n. a medical practitioner who specializes in paediatrics (the branch of medical science concerned with children and their diseases) physician – n. a person who practices general medicine as distinct from surgery. practise – v. engage, work prefer – v. choose, present, introduce primary - adj. main, elementary, primordial private – adj. personal, individual, particular provide (for) – v. insure, allow, give qualify – v. prepare, train, exercise research – n. study, investigation, examination specialty – n. branch, particularity, line, speciality surgery – n. the branch of medicine concerned with treating disease, injuries, etc, by means of manual or operative procedures, especially by incision into the body treat – v. cure, heal
Unit 2 accompany – v. escort, lead, follow, addition – n. inclusion, extension, accession admission – n. a patient accepted for inpatient service in a hospital. admit – v. take, accept, receive allied health professionals – a generic UK term for professions that provide ancillary medical services and have patient contact which (per NHS-Scotland), include clinical psychology, podiatry, dietetics, occupational therapy, orthoptics, physiotherapy, radiography (diagnostic and radiotherapy), speech and language therapy. associate specialist – a senior middle-grade doctor working in the UK, who has trained and gained experience in a medical or surgical specialty but has not gone on to become a consultant. These doctors usually work independently but are attached to a clinical team led by a consultant in their specialty. belong to – v. pertain, reside, appertain bleeper – n. pager complete - v. finish, wind up, terminate consultant - a physician or surgeon who does not take actual charge of a patient, but acts in an advisory capacity to the patient's primary physician. current – adj. modern, contemporary, present device – n. appliance, equipment, mechanism dischargе – v.. release from a hospital or other course of care discuss – v. argue, debate, confer ECG (electrocardiography) -a graphical recording of the cardiac cycle produced by an electrocardiograph examine – v. inspect, survey, check Foundation Programme – the now-standard, completely revamped programme for training doctors in the UK, in which each doctor, upon completion of medical school, rotates through electives for two years before beginning his/her specialty training. graduate from – v. to be granted an academic degree or diploma main – adj. primary, major, particular management – n. control, administration, authority medical history – information obtained from the patient to aid in establishing a medical diagnosis and developing a treatment plan. multidisciplinary team – a team of professionals including representatives of different disciplines who coordinate the contributions of each profession, which are not considered to overlap, in order to improve patient care. necessary – adj. essential, urgent, required pre-registration house officer (PRHO) – a now-retired term for a mandatory year of training in hospital medicine undertaken by all doctors in the UK upon completion of their medical degree. provisional diagnosis – formed or performed for temporary purposes receive – v. take, accept, obtain recently – adv. lately, in the latest days responsible – adj. accountable, chargeable rota – a primarily UK term for a rotating schedule of similar work performed by a group of individuals in the same field of work or profession—e.g., junior doctors covering a particular service, or consultants working in the same department. senior doctor – a specialist (consultant) in a particular area of medicine. senior house officer – an obsolete junior doctor post in the UK, which followed the pre-registration house officer year and precedes GP or specialty training. shift – n. the working period of such a group specialist registrar – a junior doctor in training under the pre-2006 system who was tracked to become a consultant. specialize (in) – v. concentrate on, focus on, centre on specific – adj. certain, definite, particular staff – n. the professional personnel of a hospital. title – n. name, degree, grade treatment – n. therapy, cure, medication turn – n. rotation, line, round ward – n. a room in a hospital (usually holding six or more patients) ward round – a so-called firm—with doctors from the top (consultant) to the bottom (FY1) of the organization—visits each patient on their list, reviewing their history, examination, investigations and treatment. workplace - n. place of work (office, company, organization, hospital, clinic etc.) X-ray (roentgenography) - radiography that uses X-rays to produce a roentgenogram
Unit 3 advice - n. consultation, opinion, counsel accredit – v. give official authorization advice - n. consultation, opinion, counsel advocacy – n. promotion applicant – n. candidate, challenger apply - v. use, take benign- adj. favorable, harmless, innocent blood pressure – the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, especially the arteries. carry out – v. perform, do, achieve charge nurse – a nurse in charge of a ward in a hospital collaborative – adj. united, cooperative cut – v. cut off, excise, remove, dissect cyst - n. an abnormal membranous sac containing a gaseous, liquid, or semisolid substance demand – v. need, require deteriorate – v. make worse, degenerate, break down district nurse – a nurse employed within the National Health Service to attend patients in a particular area, usually by visiting them in their own homes drug - n. a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease or as a component of a medication effort - n. try, exertion, application eligible – adj. legal, lawful grade – n. class, rate, degree health facility – hospital, surgery, clinic heath visitor – a nurse employed by a district health authority to visit people in their homes and give help and advice on health and social welfare, especially to mothers of preschool children, to the handicapped, and to elderly people illness - n. disease, sick, malady lesion - n. failure, damage, injury midwife – n. a person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth midwifery - n. (Gynaecology & Obstetrics) the art or practice of a midwife; obstetrics mole – n. a small congenital growth on the human skin, usually slightly raised and dark and sometimes hairy, especially a pigmented nevus. nurse manager -the nurse with management responsibilities of a nursing unit. They typically report to a service director. They have primary responsibilities for staffing, budgeting, and day-to-day operations of the unit. nurse – n. a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. nursing auxiliary - an individual or group that assists or functions in a supporting capacity obtain – v. get, receive, take operating theatre -a room in which surgical operations are performed perform – v. carry out, do, achieve prescribe – v. order, enjoin, dictate prevention – n. preclusion, obviation, debarment procedure - n. manipulation, operation promotion – n. advancement, assistance pulse rate – the number of pulsations noted in a peripheral artery per unit of time recent - adj. last, new, fresh recruit – v. replenish, hook, fill out relevant – adj. suitable, appropriate, right, removal - n. resection, excision, amputation require – v. need, demand reserve for – v. encharge, intrust, put on responsibility - n. charge, blame, engagement staff nurse – a qualified nurse in the UK who is either a member of the ward team or temporary staff working regularly on the ward student nurse – a student in a program leading to certification in a form of nursing support – v. maintain, help, assist support worker – provide vital assistance to healthcare professionals in diagnosing, treating and caring for patients. suture - n. catgut, silk thread, or wire used to stitch together two bodily surfaces train - n. coach, teach, qualify, exercise waiting list – a list of people waiting to obtain some object, treatment, status, etc ward clerk -a worker on a nursing unit who schedules patients for prescribed studies, prepares charts for patients, answers the phone on the unit, and handles other general clerical tasks. Unit 4 advise– v. consult, recommend, give advice aid – n. help, assistance, support ambulance - – n. a specially equipped motor vehicle, airplane, ship, etc., for carrying sick or injured people, usually to a hospital. amputation – n. a surgical removal of all or part of a limb artificial – adj. synthetic, simulated, made, false blindness – n. partially or completely lacking in the sense of eyesight chiropodist (podiatrist) – n. a person qualified to diagnose and treat foot disorders. club foot (talipes) – a congenital deformity of the foot, especially one in which the foot is twisted so that most of the weight rests on the heel. condition – n. status, fortune, position contact lens – n. a thin plastic or glass lens that is fitted over the cornea of the eye to correct various vision defects deafness – n. partially or completely lacking in the sense of hearing. deformity – n. deformation, ugliness, defect depends on – v. rely, hinge, turn on development – n. growth, evolution, progress, difficult – adj. hard, tight, unpleasant disability – n. incapability, failure, disablement equipment – n. outfit, apparatus, installation exercise – n. training, workout, gymnastic eyesight – n. the ability to see; vision heat – n. warmth, warming intraocular pressure - pressure exerted by the fluids inside the eyeball; joint – n. articulation limb – n. extremity, member, part manipulate – v. move, play around, affect mental – adj. psychical, ideal, intelligence muscle – n. a tissue composed of fibers capable of contracting to effect bodily movement. occupational therapy -the use of productive or creative activity in the treatment or rehabilitation of physically or emotionally disabled people. ophthalmologist – n. a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases optician – n. a person qualified to examine the eyes and prescribe and supply spectacles and contact lenses orthotics – n. the science that deals with the use of specialized mechanical devices to support or supplement weakened or abnormal joints or limbs pain – n. ache, hurt paramedic – n. a member of an ambulance crew trained in a number of life-saving skills, including infusion and cardiac care physical – adj. somatic, bodily, natural physiotherapy – n. the treatment or management of physical disability, malfunction, or pain by physical techniques, as exercise, massage, hydrotherapy, etc. poor housing – poorness, poverty, misery prescribe – v. enjoin, order, dictate prosthesis – n. artificial limb, leg, prosthesis, prosthetic appliance prosthetist – n. an expert in prosthetics (the branch of medicine or surgery that deals with the production and application of artificial body parts) radiographer – n. a person who makes radiographs range – n. diapason, line, area refer – v. treat, send, head rehabilitation – n. restore (someone) to health or normal life by training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness: relieve– v. release, ease, reduce replacement – n. substitution, exchange, displacement scientific – adj. science, learned, erudite, sciential solve– v. decide, determine, allow spectacles – n. glasses, specs splint – n. a rigid support for restricting movement of an injured part, especially a broken bone suspect – v. suppose, think, consider technician – n. a person skilled in the performance of the technical or procedural aspects of a health care profession unemployment– n. frost
Unit 5 acutely ill – seriously ill patient appointment – n. order, instruction, prescription arrange – v. organize, settle, fix up assessment – n. the action of diagnosing someone or something: attend - v. visit, resort day surgery unit – department for patients whose treatment requires only one day demand - n. request, need elective attachment – chosen study femur – n. hip, thigh fracture – n. break hip replacement – orthopedic surgery involving femoral head prosthetic replacement infirmary– n. hospital, clinic inpatient – n. apatient who is admitted to a hospital or clinic for treatment that requires at least one overnight stay intensive care unit (icu) – a department in which are concentrated special equipment and skilled personnel for the care of seriously ill patients requiring immediate and continuous attention; abbreviated ICU. neck – n. cervix outpatient – a patient who comes to the hospital, clinic, or dispensary for diagnosis and/or treatment but does not occupy a bed. refer – v. guide, head, direct referral letter – recommendation require – v. need, demand sign - n. signboard, fascia, shingle sudden – adj. unexpected, surprise surgical high dependency – also called step-down, progressive and intermediate care units. HDUs are wards for people who need more intensive observation, treatment and nursing care than is possible in a general ward but slightly less than that given in intensive care. temporarily – adv. for a while Unit 6 asthma – n. a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing cardiovascular disease – diseases of heart and vessels cervical collar – an encircling bandage around the neck dentist – n. a person who is qualified to treat diseases and other conditions that affect the teeth and gums diabetes – n. a disorder of the metabolism causing excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of urine. employ – v. hire, engage, take hands-on – involving active participation housebound – adj. unable to leave one’s house, typically due to illness or old age immunization – n. make immune to infection, typically by inoculation initial – adj. primary IT – information technology locum – n. a person who stands in temporarily for someone else of the same profession, especially a cleric or doctor. national health service -the system of national medical services since 1948, financed mainly by taxation. one-to-one – used of relations such that each member of one set is associated with one member of a second set out-of-hours – any period of work over and above hours of the normal working day prepare – v. make ready, arrange, train prescription – n. recommendation, recipe Primary Care Trust – an organization legally established in the UK whose purpose is to develop health service for a particular community receptionist – n. a person who greets and deals with clients and visitors to a surgery, office, etc. request – n. requisition, application, proposal supervise – v. watch, overlook, control vaccination – n. treatment with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease wart – n. a small, hard, benign growth on the skin Unit 7 cadaver – n. corpse, body case – n. incident clinical attachment – practical course in the one of the hospital’s department clinical skills – practical knowledge continuing professional development – maintain knowledge and skills related to professional lives. describe – v. characterize, mark dissection – n. incision, cutting, autopsy elective – n. a placement undertaken as part of a medical degree integrate – v. unite, consolidate postgraduate training – training after graduation from Foundation programme to become a senior specialist preparation – n. training, lead-up Problem-based Learning – student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of problem solving scientific – adj. learned, erudite session – n. school, class, lesson solve the problem – tackle the problem source – n. origin, resource spend – v. while away the time, put in sports medicine – a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness, treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise student selected modules – individual units which a student studies in order to obtain credits subject – n. discipline, class tutor – n. mentor, coach, leader undergraduate education – the education of a doctor which begins with medical school and continues to graduation with the awarding of a degree. vocational studies – professional training Unit 8 academic – n. teacher, scholar, scientist assess – v. evaluate, measure, Bachelor of Medical Sciences – a graduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last for 2-4 years. Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery – two first professional undergraduate degrees awarded upon graduation from medical school in medicine and surgery by universities in various countries that follow the tradition of the United Kingdom college tutor – n. the specialist representative of a Royal College in the workplace – e.g., the NHS Trusts of trainee and consultant doctors. competence – n. skill, ability contribute – v. facilitate, support correspond – v. conform, match discipline – n. subject, school Doctor of Medicine – a terminal degree for physicians and surgeons. educational supervisor – a personwho has responsibility for facilitating and ensuring the progress of trainees ensure – v. guarantee, insure, assure Fellow – n. member of a learned society figure – n. person, character lead – v. guide, manage lecturer – n. teacher, reader observation – n. supervision, control post – n. position. function, appointment responsibility – n. charge, liability, obligation trainee – n. improver, probationer tutor – n. teacher, coach, leader Unit 9 ability – n. skill, capability accurate – adj. meticulous, correct Certificate of Completion of Training -the certificate that physicians in the United Kingdom receive to indicate that they have completed training in their chosen specialty and are eligible to apply for a post as a consultant or a general practitioner (GP) communication skills – theability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently concern – v. treat, care, attend eligible – adj. suitable, appropriate European Economical Area – comprises three member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) and 27 member states of the European Union (EU), excluding Croatia which is set to join once its accession agreement is ratified by all EEA countries. Full registration – a type of GMC registration which allows doctors to practice independently and unsupervised in any post in the NHS or private practice for which they are duly qualified Limited registration – a type of GMC registration which allows overseas qualified doctors who held an acceptable qualification to practice in supervised NHS training posts manage – v. control, lead Objective Structured Clinical Examination – modern type of examination often used in health sciences, designed to test clinical skill performance and competence in skills such as communication, clinical examination, medical procedures obtain – v. receive, take overseas – adj. foreign, continental practical skills – the ability to perform medical procedures precautions – n. methods or procedures intended to prevent or avoid adverse outcomes Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board test – test in the assessment procedure that overseas doctors need to pass before they can legally practise medicine in the UK Provisional registration – a type of GMC registration which allows doctors who qualified in the UK and EEA to work in pre-registration house officer posts reasoned diagnosis – approved, correct register – v. check in, include sharps bin – a container in every clinic that is designed for the disposal of sharps Specialist registration – a type of GMC registration which is required for a medically qualified doctor to take up a substantive or honorary consultant post in the NHS (UK) Unit 10
acknowledgement – n. thank, gratefulness aim – n. purpose, object ascertainment – n. establishment, determination, explanation background – n. preparation, precondition claim – v. prove, assert cohort – n. a group of people in a scientific study that focuses on a specific subpopulation, such as children born on a certain date in a specific environment. conclusion – n. imprisonment, end, inference confirm – v. support, maintain, claim confounding factor – one which is distributed non-randomly with respect to the independent (exposure) or dependent (outcome) variable which is the subject of an enquiry database – n. data bank, information base discussion – n. argument, debate, deliberate divide – v. share, partition evaluate – v. assess, measure evidence – n. proof, information, openness explanation – n. interpretation, definition hazard – n. danger, risk, chance influence – n. impact, effect, action intervention – n. interference, interposition, interposal limitation – n. restriction, restraint, bound, stint linkage - n. connection, relation offspring – n. child, scion, descendent participant – n. member, partner paternal – adj. fatherly, paternalistic purpose – n. aim, destination, appointment reference – n. link, ref relate – v. tell, report, recite remain – v. stay on, keep, continue statement – n. exposition, presentment suggest – v. propose, indicate, mean summary – n. resume, brief, precise supplementation – n. addition, complement, supplement unsatisfactory – n. insufficient, dissatisfactory, lame
Unit 11 abstract – n. report, lecture adjustment – n. regulation, agreement, setting amend – v. correct, fix, refine atopy – n. a genetic predisposition toward the development of immediate hypersensitivity reactions against common environmental antigens (atopic allergy), most commonly manifested as allergic rhinitis but also as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, or food allergy. compare – v. match, collate, balance confidence interval – in statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate of a population parameter and is used to indicate the reliability of an estimate. It is an observed interval (i.e. it is calculated from the observations), in principle different from sample to sample, that frequently includes the parameter of interest if the experiment is repeated. contributor – n. member, partner cumulative incidence – or incidence proportion is a measure of frequency, as in epidemiology, where it is a measure of disease frequency during a period of time. Where the period of time considered is an entire lifetime, the incidence proportion is called lifetime risk. hay fever – a seasonal form of allergic rhinitis, with acute conjunctivitis, lacrimation, itching, swelling of the nasal mucosa, nasal catarrh, and attacks of sneezing, an anaphylactic or allergic reaction excited by a specific allergen (such as pollen). longitudinal study -a study of the natural course of life or disorder in which a cohort of subjects is serially observed over a period of time and no assumptions need be made about the stability of the system. mortality – n. death rate. outcome – n. result, effect, output permission – n. resolution,license, pass petroleum – n. oil precise – adj. accurate, definite, clear prospective – adj. supposed, future, expected ratio – n. relation, correlation, coefficient recurrence – n. repeat, return, recidivism retire – v. leave, quit, step down retirement – n. resignation, dismission survival – n. life wheezy – n. husky, breathy, asthma
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