Assignments

Copies

Enclosures

There are many different methods of indicating that an enclosure is being sent along with the letter:

• Affix a coloured "enclosure" sticker usually in the bottom left-hand corner of the letter.

• Type three dots in the left-hand margin on the line where the enclosure is mentioned in the body of the letter.

• Type "Enc." or "Encs" at the foot of the letter leaving one clear line space after the sender's designation. This is the most common form of indicating enclosures.

When a copy of a letter is to be sent to a third party (usually someone in the sender's organization) this may be indicated by typing "cc" (copy circulated) or "Copy"

followed by the name and designation of the copy recipient. If there are two or more copy recipients, it is usual to show these in alphabetical order.

Example:

Copy Mrs Susan Jones, Accountant

Mr Robert Smith, Sales Manager

I. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word combinations, study them:

Letterhead, to insert the reference, modern word processors, salutation, the initials of the writer, date, to be shown in full, inside address, to precede with smth., to be inappropriate, to write letters overseas, attention line, enclosure.

II. Find English equivalents to the following words and word combinations; study them:

Cпеціальні позначки; конфіденційний лист; включати ім’я в адресу отримувача, запевнити когось, особисте привітання, заголовок, короткий зміст листа; комплементарна кінцівка, закінчити лист ввічливо.

III. Fill in the missing parts of the sentences:

1. In the UK it is usual to show the date in the order…

2. The name and address of the recipient are usually typed…

3. Special markings may be typed in …

4. ………, it is usual to use a personal salutation.

5. A heading gives a brief indication of…

6. ….. by using a complimentary close.

IV. Read and translate the example of a business letter (p. 70) and try to figure out its main elements.

V. Write in English an order letter for purchasing 100 pumps from the British company “Brown and Sons”, specify the following:

Delivery: CIF, Odessa

Price: € 150 per unit

Payment: a Letter of Credit

(See text “Specimen Letters”, p.119-120)

Grammar revision: Gerund

Герундій – неособова форма дієслова із закінченням – ing, що має властивості дієслова й іменника.

Як і інфінітив, герундій називає дію: reading – читання, listening – слухання.

За формою герундій збігається з відповідними формами Present Participle.

Форма герундію	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Indefinite	writing	being written
Perfect	having written	having been written

Сполучення герундія з іменником або займенником становить герундіальний комплекс:

The director insisted on our finishing the project before it was due.

Директор наполягав на тому, щоб ми завершили проект раніше зазначеного терміну.

Перша частина герундіального комплексу – іменник у присвійному чи загальному відмінку або присвійний займенник. Друга частина – герундій, що виражає дію, яку виконує або якої зазнає особа чи предмет, позначений першою частиною комплексу:

I had much hope of Brian’s plan working.

Я мав надію, що план Брайана буде ефективним.

Герундій завжди вживається після:

1. Таких дієслів: avoid forgive consider include delay involve enjoy mind excuse postpone fancy suggest etc.	· Would you mind closing the door? · He denied having seen her before. · They postponed sending an order letter. · My work involves mingling with people. · Last week we finished preparing the balance sheet.
2. Дієслів з прийменниками: accuse of give up apologize for go on (keep on) approve of insist on blame smb for object to count on result in forgive for put off depend on thank for think of etc.	· Thank you for helping me. · She insisted on their signing the contract. · Are you thinking of giving them a discount? · I apologize for being so late.
3. Іменників з прийменниками: art of opportunity for chance of plan for difficulty in point in experience in preparation for harm of purpose of idea of reason for means of skill in mistake of way of etc.	· There is no chance of winning this tender. · We had no opportunity of holding a press conference. · I have no experience of having talks. · There are different ways of solving this problem. · Did you have any difficulty in getting a visa?
4. Словосполучень: be afraid of be guilty of be angry for be interested in be bored with be keen on be busy be pleased at be capable of be proud of be grateful for be sure of can’t stand/bear be surprised at feel like be worth can’t help etc.	· She didn’t feel like talking to him. · He is interested in developing the project. · He was surprised at having been asked about it. · He couldn’t help laughing.
5. Прийменників: after in spite of before on besides without instead of by etc.	· Jane went to the office in spite of beingill. · Before signing the contract they discussed all the items. · I couldn’t prepare the report without reading all the articles.

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