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Проникновение; 2 - скудность; 3 - безопасность; 4 - разрушение

Валовый внутренний продукт; 2 — положение; 3 - транспортное средство

PART 2

Answer the following questions.

Give the main idea of every paragraph.

Find out the key words of the text.

a) What issues will the implications of energy include?

b) What is our joint responsibility?

c) What can alter the global climate system?

d) What policy changes are required?

6. Say whether you agree or not with the following statements. In case you don't agree
say why.

a) The implications of energy over the coming twenty years are wide and varied.

b) We should consider the conditions for access to electricity in terms of economic, social and political development.

c) Energy consumption is bound to increase.

7. Speak on the future applications of electricity in modern society. Express your point
of view, using the following phrases and word combinations:

- in my opinion - to start with - I believe

- to my mind - I think - the thing is that...

- the fact is - as far as I know

• Read the text and give the title to it.

Increased electricity use from all sources seems to be at the heart of the solution in search of a more sustainable future. Its growth rate ex­ceeds by far the GDP' growth in most parts of the world and this is bound to continue.

Although electricity cannot be singled out as the most important energy carrier of the future, it is established that:

- the plight² of the 2 billion people without access to modern en­
ergy carriers of any type can only be solved by an aggressive effort
of electrification;

Unit 1. The Role of Electricity and Its Future Applications... 13

- despite enormous efforts of rural electrification programs that reached about 800 million additional people, the unserved pop­ulation has remained about the same in absolute numbers — 2 bil­lion people;

- electrical driven vehicles³ seem to be the only way to achieve zero (or near zero) emission of polutants;

- the information revolution we are going through is entirely de­pendent on electricity and telecommunication.

• Look through the interview given by Christos Papoutsis, Member of the European Commission, and give the main idea of it.

The initiative of the Commission is designed to support new, clean and efficient non-nuclear energy technologies from R&D through to demon­stration and market penetration'. Our actions have been driven by three major objectives. First, a very real need, caused by concerns about the potential scarcity² of resources, to improve the security³ of the European energy supply. Second, the necessity to protect both our glo­bal and local environments from the threat of climate change and other forms of environmental damage⁴. Third, a wish to contribute to improv­ing the competitiveness of our industries and the daily lives of our citizens. Much has been achieved towards meeting these objectives, but much re­mains to be done. That is why we must continue to support the research and technological development (R&D) of new energy technologies. The role of an initiative to demonstrate the benefits (преимущества) of new energy technologies, and encourage their uptake, remains vital.

• Retell the following text.

IEA's New Outlook

The International Energy Agency, Paris, concludes that future en­ergy supply and demand' worldwide would be very different. The IEA

Section I. Power Engineering

outlook predicts² that world energy demand could grow by 65% and carbon dioxide emissions by 70%. Two-thirds of the increase in energy demand and energy-related C0₂ emissions by 2020 could occur³ in China and other developing countries. By 2020, worldwide energy-related C0₂ emissions could rise 75% above the 1990 levels, the basis for the Kyoto Protocol. The balance among energy sources is project­ed to change marginally. The market share of gas will increase while the share of oil will decline slightly and that of coal will remain stable. Output from nuclear power plants will remain stable to 2020 as the commissioning of new plants broadly matches plant retirements Growth in the use of hydropower will be limited by the availability of suitable sites and environmental considerations.

1 - спрос и предложение; 2 - предсказывает; 3 - произойти

i== Unit 2 =Ё

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