Vocabulary

PARTI

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

• Read the text below and say what cooperation it deals with.

Since the oil crises of the 1970's international cooperation has be­come an increasingly important factor in energy policy for most coun­tries of the industrial world. It arose from the need to cope effectively with the disruptive impact of oil-price increases on the economy. In­ternational cooperation has contributed substantially to the formulation and application of concerted actions to reduce dependency on oil and respond collectively to emergency situations.

Despite progress, it was soon realized however that energy issues couldn't be solved by industrial countries alone, working in isolation. Nor was it a matter of redistributing energy resources and proceeds from oil-trade between oil producing and consuming countries. Ener­gy policy can no longer be applied without due attention to the realities of an jncreasingly interdependent world economy, in which long-term issues, like the environment, population growth and the advancement of less developed countries raise serious concerns.

Consequently, international energy cooperation has been included as an integral part of the energy policy of the European Union. The need to strengthen cooperation is further underlined by recent events and developments taking place within as well as outside the Union. In the first place, policy objectives and priorities have con­centrated on the establishment of a Single Market to include the energy sector, as a means towards increasing availability and reducing the cost of energy supplies throughout the Union. Given the energy situation prevailing in most of the Member States, attaining this objective de­pends heavily on the extent to which energy relations with other coun­tries can be promoted and secured. The specific EU Programme con­centrates on the transfer of energy policy know-how and strategies to Third Countries with the following approach:

Section I. Power Engineering

Unit 2. International Cooperation

—the global objective of securing energy supplies at reasonable prices;

—facilitating collaboration between European companies and ma­jor energy producing and consuming industries in third countries;

— protection of the environment from industrial pollution.
Despite recent economic setbacks, many of the newly emerging

world economies are being fuelled by massive increases in energy use and this will have significant repercussions on the environment. Some estimates predict that India and China will be responsible for as much as a quarter of the world's total Commissions by the year 2010. The energy/ environment interrelation is subsequently very important and has been reflected in many cooperation activities, particularly in the area of clean coal technologies or renewable energy sources such as wind, small hydro, solar, photovoltaic, solar thermal and biogas.

Energy co-operation should function in close collaboration with both national administrations and regional organizations. Such coopera­tion not only contributes to economic development but also to peace and stability for the countries.

industrial pollution промышленное загрязнение economic setback экономический спад to emerge появляться to contribute to economic development делать вклад в экономическое раз­витие to have repercussions on иметь влия­ние на

to cope with справляться с чем-либо disruptive impact разрушительное

влияние to reduce dependency сократить зави­симость a matter of дело

interdependent взаимозависимый single market единый рынок reasonable prices разумные цены to facilitate collaboration способство­вать сотрудничеству

EXERCISES

. Find in the text the English phrases corresponding to their Russian equivalents:

a) эффективно справляться с

b) деструктивное влияние на

c) уменьшить зависимость от

d) реагировать на экстренные ситуации

e) обеспечение энергоснабжения

f) вызывать серьезную обеспокоенность

g) по разумным ценам

2. Give the Russian phrases corresponding to their English equivalents from the text:

- oil price increases — long-term issues

- emergency situations — energy policy know-how

- interdependent world - clean coal technologies economy — renewable energy sources

3. Translate the following sentences with the Participle I. Pay attention to the different
translation of the Participle I depending on its different functions.

a) Energy issues couldn't be solved by industrial countries alone, working in isolation.

b) The need to strengthen cooperation is further underlined by re­cent events and developments taking place within as well as out­side the Union.

c) Despite recent economic setbacks, many of the newly emerg­ing world economies are being fuelled by massive increases in energy use.

4. Say whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.

a) It was soon realized however that energy issues couldn't be solved by industrial countries alone.

b) Energy policy can be applied without due attention to the realities of an increasingly interdependent world economy.

c) International energy cooperation has been included as an inte­gral part of the energy policy of the United Nations.

d) The specific EU Programme concentrates on the transfer of en­ergy policy know-how and strategies to Third Countries.

e) Some estimates predict that India and China will be responsible for as much as a quarter of the world's total Commissions by the year 2010.

5. Answer the following questions.

1. Why has the international cooperation become an increasingly important factor in energy policy for most countries of the industrial world? _—

2. What is the need to strei^t§fn^O)5|p6feit^on furtiier underlined by;

3. Why couldn't energy^u^^^^^b0fidu9trill countries alone?
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