Seminar 5

Modification of Consonant and Vowel Phonemes
in Connected Speech

1. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the three stages of pronouncing a sound in isolation?

2. Why is it necessary to analyze sounds in connected speech?

3. What are the two types of changes of sounds in connected speech?

4. What is assimilation?

5. What types of assimilation do you know?

6. How is the work of the vocal cords affected by assimilation?

7. How is the manner of noise production affected by assimilation?

8. What is adaptation?

9. In what way are vowels influenced by neighbouring nasal consonants?

10. What is elision? Give examples of contemporary elision.

11. What are the factors affecting vowel qualitative and quantitative characteristics?

12. What is “positional length” of the vowels?

13. How is vowel quality and quantity connected with stress?

14. How do adjacent consonants affect vowels? Which classificatory characteristics of consonants are the most important in this respect?

2. Give the definition of the terms:

Assimilation, progressive assimilation, regressive assimilation, reciprocal assimilation, complete assimilation, historical assimilation, living assimilation, voicing, devoicing, nasal plosion, lateral plosion, loss of plosion, accommodation, elision, reduction, qualitative reduction, quantitative reduction.

3. Give examples of combinatory allophones of the /r/phoneme.

4. Read the words. How are the allophones of the /l, w, r/ phonemes pronounced after /p, t, k/?

cleft twice try

cleg tweed tree

ply quiet pry

please quaver price

clerk queer cry

play crone

crop

5. Read the word combinations and words. Phonetic processes of what type are observed in (a), (b) and (c)?

(a) (b) (c)

supped people open

top people couple happen

stop talking apple

rubbed able ribbon

sob bitterly label stubborn

he went to see bottle written

I want to go little bitten

cook clean tickle taken

took Kate cycle bacon

vocal thicken

good day middle garden

what day beadle pardon

walk down riddle warden

begged eagle dragon

plagued giggle wagon

big game beagle Morgan

6. Read the words. Define the character of the consonants modified by the following phonemes a) /j/; b) /r/; c) /l/; d) /w/.

a) beauty, tube, duty, lure, few;

b) bright, try, cry, dry, great, fry;

c) blight, little, clever, middle, giggle, devil;

d) twice, twenty, queen, Gwendolen, thwart

7. Read the word combinations. Pay attention to the consonant modified by the following interdental /θ/, /ð/.

at the institute and the children

that's the latest news opened the window

on the hook on the radio

at the club about the house

repairs the plug in the bathroom

8. Classify the word combinations accenting to the nature
of modification within the group or at the end of it a) a loss of plosion,
b) an alveolar replaced by a dental, c) the clear [l], d) the dark [ł].

will you read louder, will you please, sit down, read text 1, write down, next time, repeat the noun, in the noun, at the blackboard, clean the board, glad to see you, what can I do, like to have it, on the seventh, round the city, and the guest, on this, what country, good time, tea and cake, many people, don't like, I'd like,
on the dog's plate, just thirsty, mashed potatoes, mustard please, got to eat,
that pub, will you tell me, tell the girl, difficult to deal, silk dress, but good

9. State which of the words and word combinations illustrate the following phenomena: a) voicing, b) devoicing, c) no voicing, d) no devoicing.

these people, blackboard, what’s this, setback, Mary’s dress, that blouse, gooseberry, good friend, days, that’s right, stopped, he’s ill, big ship, word for word, to play with fire, his parents, misgiving, to shed crocodile tears, like this, absent, bedside, substance, old-fashioned, kind-hearted, lifebelt, southbound, dark-green, watchdog, stepdaughter, disbelief, begged, steps, Joan’s hat

voicing	devoicing	no voicing	no devoicing

Дата добавления: 2015-05-31