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Read these pairs of words. State what principles of vowel classification they illustrate
Seminar 3 State which of the pairs illustrate a) forelingual vs. mediolingual and b) forelingual vs. backlingual oppositions.
tame — came sinner — singer sung — young less — yes bitter — bicker bat — back rudder — rugger clue — cue day — gay drew — due bad — bag rung — young 21. State what classificatory principles can be illustrated by the pairs pie — bye been — dean pole — coal fell — well fee — he sole — role pity — city pine — mine debt — net tail — veil those — rose fail — sail
22. Transcribe these words. Underline /ŋ/ with a single line, /ŋɡ/ with two lines. bring, lungs, England, singular, anything else, nothing of the kind, willingly, taking it, mingled, sleeping, thing, hungry, fishing, morning, driving on, longer, younger, getting on, spring, seeing a friend off, clasping in both hands
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Articulatory and Physiological Classification
1. Answer the following questions: 1. Why do phoneticians distinguish three groups of vowels according 2. What characteristics do all front vowels have in common that is differing them from the back vowels? 3. What is the difference between front and front-retracted vowels? 4. What is the difference between back and back-advanced vowels? 5. What makes central and front vowels different? 6. What characteristic makes close vowels unlike mid and open ones? 7. What’s the difference between free and checked vowels? 8. What are the two types of vowels according to the degree of tenseness? 9. How do different phonetic contexts modify vowel length in English? 10. What is the difference between closing and centring diphthongs? 11. Describe the system of cardinal vowels. 2. Give the definition of the terms: Vowel sound, monophthong, diphthong, diphthongoid, front vowels, front-retracted vowels, central vowels, back vowels, back-advanced vowels, close (high) vowels, open (low) vowels, mid vowels, rounded vowels, tense vowels, 3. Give examples to prove that voiceless vowels exist in English and 4. Define the vowels /ɒ/, /ɪ/, /ɜ:/, /ʌ/ according to the following principles of classification: a) stability of articulation, b) tongue position, c) lip position, d) degree of tenseness, e) length. 5. What vowels are characterized as: a) front, high; __________________________ b) back, diphthongoid; __________________________ c) central, long; __________________________ d) central, low; __________________________ e) back-advanced, unrounded __________________________
6. Denote general characteristic features referring to the following vowels:
a) /u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/; b) /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/; c) /ɜ:/, /ʌ/; d) /e/, /ɔ:/, /ʌ/; e) /eə/, /ɪə/, /ʊə/; f) /eɪ/, /əʊ/, /aɪ/, /aʊ/, /ɔɪ/. a) cod — cord b) end — and c) fir — for not — nought ten — tan firm — form cot — caught hem — ham turn — torn body — border kettle — cattle bird — bord
d) fool — full e) am — aim f) nor — no pool — pull add — aid law — low food — put man — main called — cold tool — took lad — laid bald — bold boot — book fat — fate caught — coat
8. Transcribe these words. Read them. Observe positional length a) see, we, tree, be, me, he, fee; b) seem, read, clean, seen, deal, people, easily; c) cheep, sweep, chief, treat, least, creek, week ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ 9. Fill in the table and the vowel trapezium:
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