Strong and Weak Forms

Stress or Accentual Structure of English Words.

Seminar 7

Mark initially strong consonants with a single line and initially weak consonants with two lines.

Divide these words into syllabographs where possible.

Transcribe the words and divide them into phonetic syllables. Point out their syllabic structural patterns.

people, bugle, trifle, rhythm, April, equal, happens, marbles, patterns, dragons, urgent, servant, listened, heralds, errands, parents, patients, scaffold, comfortable, cottage, orchard, ground, kitchen, study, several, upstairs, bedroom, nursery, bathroom, furniture, modern, electricity, January, February, August, October, December, Wednesday, Tuesday, Thursday.

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4. Read the examples to prove the semantic importance of the correct syllable boundary. Mark open juncture with /+/, close juncture with /*/.

a nation — an Asian

see Mable — seem able

a nice house — an ice house

it swings — its wings

the tall boys — that all boys

peace talks – pea stalks

plate rack – play track

хлеб с ухой — хлеб сухой

до дела ли — доделали

по машинам — помаши нам

5. Mark with /+/ open juncture and with /*/ close juncture
in the examples below. Turn them into examples with the opposite juncture.

a name for it; a black tie; not at all; that's tough; I saw her rise; the waiter cut it; I saw them eat; why choose; my train; keep sticking; gray day; cheap affairs; mice kill; it’s no good; missed a night; fell table; escaped error; cats eyes.

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work, worker, stirring, occurred, cured, cheerless, curing, cheering, redder, nation, culture, thoroughly, parents, fire, plural, dinner, marry, disappear, speaking, playing, walking, passing, breakfast, potatoes, tomatoes, coffee, cabbage, bananas, berries, pudding, pears, beer, shopping, ironing, housework, mistake, fishing

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7. Arrange these words according to the type of syllable structure:
a) closed uncovered, b) closed covered, c) open covered, d) open uncovered.

took, pray, lifts, ate, straw, boy, or, aunt, texts, clenched, tip, pea, struck, oh, strays, bet, fact, fret, asks, ebbed, price, are;

мгла, рад, ил, ЗАГС, кто, от, горсть, та, астр, и, взрыв, всласть, сфинкс, сон, гипс, здесь, злак, что, ах

closed uncovered	closed covered	open covered	open uncovered

sit, lame, back, miss, sack, grave, tip, tide, top, late, mad, made, nine, till, cake, thick, bat, pin, pine, hate, act, ice, plot, face, hid, fate, stamp, spot, pile, land, mist, mole, mark, gold, cap, nose, fix, harm, merry, horn, start, form

1. Answer the following questions:

1. How is stress defined by different authors?

2. What types of word-stress do you know?

3. To what type of word-stress does the English accentual structure belong?

4. To what type of word-stress does the Russian accentual structure belong?

5. What is the difference between fixed and free type of word-stress?

6. How does stress perform constitutive, distinctive and recognitive functions?

7. How is stress represented in written form?

8. What tendencies determine the place and different degree of word-stress?

9. What are the most common types of English stress patterns?

10. Are weak and contracted forms common for actual speech?

11. What rules for the use of weak and contracted forms do you know?

12. What role does the phoneme /ə/ play in the system of unstressed vocalism?

2. Name tendencies which determine the place of stress in the following words:

ˌdeˈskill

ˌdespeˈration

ˈboxful

acˈcentual

aˌccommoˈdation

ˈbracket

aˈccumulator

ˈcomedy

reˈact

proˈpriety

ˌpatroˈness

ˌrepresenˈtation

ˈdoubletalk

ˈsession

ˌquincenˈtennial

ˌsevenˈteen

ˈnursery school

ˌreˈmold

ˈsalty

ˌoverˈvalue

conˈduct

ˈsmoking room

aˈbed

ˈanecdotage

Дата добавления: 2015-05-31