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Winter in Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk is in the North of Russia. It's called the capital of the North. It snows very often in winter here and the winter is long. Sometimes the weather is frosty and windy. From November the town is covered with a blanket of white snow. Real winter starts in December.

Grown-ups and children like to go skiing and skating very much. When they want to ski they can go to the Northern Dvina river or to Malye Korely and enjoy skiing there. When they want to skate they can go to the stadium 'Dynamo' and skate there.

Children also enjoy tobogganing and playing snowballs in winter.

For the New Year's celebrations people make ice sculptures. They also decorate the places with lights. Children can climb ice sculptures and enjoy the tall Christmas tree.

Young and old love Arkhangelsk in every season!

In the Country

There are many villages and small towns in the Arkhangelsk region. Some people live there, the others go there in summer. In the North the houses are wooden, they are usually not very big with small windows.

There are thick forests, high hills, long rivers and deep lakes in the countryside. In the forests we can see different trees: pines, birches, fir-trees and others. There are hares and squirrels, foxes and wolves. In the northern part of our region polar bears and foxes live.

People like to gather mushrooms and berries in the forest. Some people are fond of hunting and fishing.

Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk is one of the oldest Russian towns. It was founded in 1584 on the bank of the Northern Dvina river, not far from the White Sea.

We are in the centre of Arkhangelsk. We see Gostiny Dvor.lt is one of the main places of interest in our town. It got its name in the 17^th century. In old Russian 'dvor' meant 'yard', 'gost' (guest) meant 'merchant'. That is why its name is Gostiny Dvor (the Merchant Yard). As you can see, Gostiny Dvor is very large.

In the 17^th century it was a trading centre and a fortress. At that time Arkhangelsk was the only port in Russia. Merchants from Germany, England, Holland and other countries came to Arkhangelsk and stayed at Gostiny Dvor.

Gostiny Dvor became a visiting card of Arkhangelsk.lt stretched along the bank of the Northern Dvina river for 400 metres. Some walls were 5 metres thick. The building had six towers. On top of the tallest tower there was the state emblem of Russia - a two-headed eagle. It was called the Eagle Tower (Orlovskaya Tower).

Gostiny Dvor is a very beautiful building. Today part of it is a museum where different exhibitions take place.

A Place of Folklore

Arkhangelsk land is a place of folklore. During long and dark winter evenings people liked to tell fairy-tales and to sing songs. They believed that songs kept away evil spirits.

There were calendar songs for different holidays - Christmas, Easter and others. Songs of praise were very popular during the svyatki week. Groups of children and young people sang them under the windows of a house. In return for praises, the house owners gave some money and sweets to the singers.

There was also a great number of wedding songs. The Northern wedding was bright and colourful. Its order was different in every village.

Chastooshkas, short songs of four lines, were also very popular. They were humorous, lively and short.

Today folk song groups preserve the traditions. The best-known are "Siverko" and the State Northern Russian Folk Choir.

Victory Day

The greatest national holiday in Russia is Victory Day - 9^th May. The Great Patriotic War ended on this day in 1945.

The Northerners defended Moscow and Leningrad. They heroically fought at Kursk, Stalingrad, in Berlin and other places.

The Germans bombed Arkhangelsk in 1942. Some schools in our town became hospitals.

There are a lot of monuments to the heroes of this war everywhere in Russia. In Arkhangelsk there is Victory Square and Victory monument on it where an eternal flame burns.

Every year on the 9^th of May, veterans who fought in the war come here and take part in a parade. People give them flowers.

Victory Day is a holiday that unites all Russian people.

The Northern Dvina River

Arkhangelsk is situated on the banks of the Northern Dvina, which is one of the most important rivers of the Russian North.

The Northern Dvina river is 744 kilometres long. It is one of the longest rivers in Russia. But it is not the longest river in the Arkhangelsk region because the Pechora is longer.

The banks of the river are beautiful. There are many historically important towns and villages on or near its banks.

Museums and Monuments

The Local History museum has many interesting exhibitions. They tell us about the nature and history of Arkhangelsk.

There is Peter the Great's room in the museum where models of ships are shown. Arkhangelsk is a birthplace of the Russian fleet. Peter the Great founded it. He visited Arkhangelsk in 1693, 1694, 1702. There is a memorial to Peter the Great in our city. The monument was made by Mordukh Antokolsky in 1914. It stands in a small public garden on the Northern Dvina Embankment in the centre of the town.

Another great person was M.V. Lomonosov, the first Russian scientist. There is a big exhibition in the Local museum which tells the visitors about his life.

In our city there is a monument to Lomonosov made by Ivan Martos in 1828.

In the centre of Arkhangelsk there is also an Obelisk of the North made by Job Altukhov in 1930. It shows the main branches of the economy of our Northern homeland.

The Fine Arts Museum is one of the largest art galleries in Russia. There are about 30,000 works of Russian art from the 14^th century to our days. It was opened in 1960.

Содержание регионального компонента для начальной школы

Область знания	Основные сведения о регионе	Англоязычные эквиваленты географических названий и реалий
География	Название региона,	Arkhangelsk, The Arkhangelsk region
главные моря и реки,	the Arctic Ocean, the White Sea, the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Northern Dvina, the Pechora, the Mezen, the Onega
климатические зоны,	natural zones: arctic, tundra, taiga
природные богатства,	forests, natural gas and oil, mineral water
транспорт,	train, ship, plane, bus, trolleybus
промышленность	timber industry, ship-building, fishing, navigation
профессии	sailor, mechanic, captain, pilot /лоцман/, navigator /судоводитель/
Биология	Названия наиболее распространенных в регионе животных,	Polar bear, seal, deer, polar fox, hare, wolf, bear, squirrel
птиц,	hazel-hen/ рябчик/
рыб,	cod, salmon, herring
Деревьев	fir, pine, birch
История	Время возникновения поселения,
промыслы,	Hunting, sea-hunting, fishing
Традиционная пища,	cod, ukha, mors, kozoolya, pies with cabbage, fish- pies
одежда,	valenki, fur footwear, furcoat, mittens
имена исторических личностей, связанные с регионом,	Peter the Great, M.V.Lomonosov
названия исторических мест	Kholmogory, Lomonosovo
Литература	Детские писатели и поэты, жившие в регионе; главные герои их произведений	Stepan Pisakhov /Senya Malina/ Boris Shergin /Shysh/ Yugenii Kokovin
Искусство	Названия наиболее известных в регионе театров, фольклорных коллективов,	Drama Theatre, Puppet Theatre, the State Northern Russian, Folk Choir 'Siverko'
музеи,	Malye Korely, The Local Museum, The Museum of Fine Arts
праздники,	Seeing-off the Winter, The Day of the City
памятники и памятные места	Gostiny Dvor, The Northern Dvina, Embankment, Monument to Peter the Great, Monument to M.V.Lomonosov
Спорт	Названия распространенных видов спорта,	Bandy, skiing, skating, figure skating, tobogganing.
спортивные сооружения.	Palace of Sports, Stadium «Trad», Stadium «Dynamo», Swimming-pool «Vodnik» sports schools

Дата добавления: 2015-07-02