Subject

In most subjects we observe nominative or common case.

1A. It is expressed in Russia and English by nouns though there are some differences. In Russian all nouns of pluralium tantum agree in number with the predicate. In English plural has different ways of agreement which can provoke mistakes. Another distinction is connected with collective nouns. In Russian words like семья, команда, комитет agree with verbs in the singular. In Eng. both ways of agreement are possible. Russian as any synthetic language tends to formal agreement. But Eng. uses semantic agreement.

1B. This type is expressed in both languages by the Infinitive, “читать полезно” “to read is useful”. Besides in Eng it is also expressed by the ordinal numeral and by gerund. The first was responsible, but in Rus. первый – ответственный\ответственна (1А).

2A. Bi-componential subject. Arakin calls it attributive groups. This type includes word-combinations based on the positive links. Учитель Петров работает в нашем университете. Петров – an attribute to учитель. Чтение книг полезно.

2b. Therewas a long pause. There – an empty grammatical subject. There was a pause – an inverted construction, a deviation from a declarative sentence. Was a pause – a compound nominal predicate.

2c. It ’s good - By Arakin. By other scholars it is a compound predicate It ’ s good

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