Attribute

Object

Predicate.

1A. The first type is expressed by finite form of the verb. Type 1A is typical of Russian. Они читают. In Eng it corresponds to the 3^rd person singular – He reads.

1B is typical of Eng, when the predicate doesn’t have any formal sign of the agreement. He/they/we can, took

2A corresponds to compound nominal predicate which has a lot of patterns in both languages. But in Rus the variety is even greater, because the predicative can be expressed in different cases. He was a teacher – он был учитель или учителем. She was beautiful – она была красива\красивый. There were 2 of them – их было двое, два. In Eng. the number of link verbs is much wider – to be, become, seem, turn, fall, grow. In Eng there is a tendency to desemantisation of links where verbs loose lexical meaning. (He turned red, he grew pale). In Russian such sentences correspond to mono-componential verbal type.

2B shows no differences in Russian and English. It consists of 2 verbs one of them is modal or aspect verbs (begin, continue, stop) and the second component is expressed by a notional verbs.

The first type is present in both languages but in Eng. it is mostly connected with prepositional government. In Rus. case government is more important than prepositional. Case government in Eng. is only connected with personal pronouns (I met him). In Rus. case government is used in all nominal parts of speech

Type without government or with adjoinment is expressed only in Eng. when the object has a zero morpheme (I read a book).

Most relevant typological feature of Eng. is connected with Complex Object based on secondary predication. I saw him run. Subject “I”, predicate – “saw”, “him run” – Complex object. It is absolutely impossible in Russian, where we use subordinate clauses.

In Russian only simple object is used (direct or indirect, prepositional or case prepositional government).

1. With agreement is typical of Rus. Красивая картина. Это событие. In Eng. it only concerns demonstrative pronoun these and that. I dislike those cakes.

2. It exists in both languages where possessive case is used in Eng. and Genitive in Rus. Шляпа Петра – Pete’s hat. Письмо от друга – A letter from my friend. Isomorphic patterns.

3. It is frequent mostly in Eng. and is used in such constructions is “government decision”, “city newspaper”, “summer holidays”. In Rus. there are only some cases when attributes are expressed by adverbs. Поездка ночью, место сзади – the sit behind.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-13