Ex.5.Find in the TEXT English equivalents of the following Russian word-combinations.

Ex.4. Complete the following sentences using prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs given below. Some of these words may be used more than once.

Ex.3. Find pairs of synonyms.

Ex.2. Substitute the underlined words with the synonyms from the TEXT.

Ex.I. Study VOCABULARY after the TEXT. Find in the TEXT sentences with Vocabulary units. Read and translate them into Russian.

1. Engines at the head of the train haul trains along the line.

2. Locomotives that can pull as well as push trains are especially efficient on suburbanrailroads.

3. Locomotives can be driven by different kinds of power.

4. Most great industrial countries have a lot of both electric and diesel-electric engines in operation.

5. Railway cars are classified into 2 groups: passenger cars and freight cars.

6. The first automatic car couplers and air brakes were invented in the 19th century.

7. Most passenger trains are made up of passenger cars.

8. Many modern freight cars are intended for carrying various kinds of cargoes.

9. An overheated box may result in a wreck.

10. Railcars do not requireengines.

11. Gas-turbine electric trains are designed to transport people between the biggest cities of Europe, the USA, Japan, Canada, at very high speeds.

1. locomotive 2. useful 3. to carry 4. rail yard 5. power 6. to produce 7. service 8. device 9. to include 10. to need 11. luggage 12. common 13. to couple 14. different 15. to range 16. inventor 17. lack 18. derailment 19. to remove 20. machinery

a. station b. appliance c. baggage d. efficient e. to comprise f. to link g. to vary h. wreck i. shortage j. to eliminate k. engine l. designer m. to generate n. equipment o. to transport p. operation q. various r. general s. to require t. energy

about, and, by, considerably, due to, formerly, in, now, nowadays, of, on, or, than, to, with

Railway passenger cars (coaches) are … many different types … vary … … design … … the various kinds … traffic to be handled.

…, all passenger cars were made … wood … equipped … hand brakes, coal … wood burning stoves … oil lamps.

…, all coaches are made … steel. They are much safer … the old ones … carry a greater number … passengers. Comfort … sanitary conditions are … given great attention.

A typical modern coach is … 25 m long, seats 48 passengers, weighs 50 tons, is carried … four-wheeled trucks … is … steel construction. All coaches are fitted … a hot water heating system … lighted … electricity. Improved seats, pleasant interior … air conditioning systems have added … the comfort … railway travelers.

- тянуть и толкать поезда

- в зависимости от выполняемой работы

- дизельные двигатели на жидком топливе

- приводить в движение электрические генераторы

- колеса локомотива

- контактная сеть

- жидкости, находящиеся под давлением

- постоянная эксплуатация

- автосцепка вагонов

- пневматические тормоза

- большая часть пассажирских вагонов

- двухъярусные вагоны пригородных поездов

- вагоны-платформы для перевозки грузовых трейлеров

- снизить опасность возникновения перегретых букс

- стать причиной железнодорожной аварии

- детекторы перегретых букс

- встроенный энергоблок

- оборудование для ремонта и эксплуатации пути

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