Building Part One

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structure, activity, comfort, territory, central, period, function, history, adapt, condition, aesthetic, specific, characteristics, detail, classify, antenna, debate, telecommunication, locate, separate, double, regular, horizontal, method, artistic.

real estate development — строительство недвижимости;

human-made structure — сооружение, созданное человеком;

to provide privacy — обеспечивать право на частную жизнь;

earthwork structure — земляное сооружение, зд. землянка;

dwelling — жилище, жилое помещение;

density — плотность, концентрация;

a matter of debate — предмет спора;

internal infrastructure — внутренняя инфраструктура;

intricate system — запутанная сложная система;

regular maintenance — регулярное содержание/техническое об­служивание;

conveying system — система транспортировки;

efficiency code - нормы и правила культуры производства;

to reduce construction waste — уменьшать отходы строительства;

artistic expression — художественное выражение;

building practices — строительные техники, приёмы, методы.

In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate develop­ment* the word building may refer to one of the following:

1. Any human-made structure used for supporting or sheltering;

2. An act of construction (i.e. the activity of building).

[Buildings serve several needs of society — primarily as shelter from weather and as general living space, to provide privacy, to store belongings and to comfortably live and work.]⁰ A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of com­fort and safety).

[The first shelter on Earth constructed by a relatively close ances­tor to humans is believed to be built 500.000 years ago by Homo erectus.]⁰

The most ancient homes on the territory of Central Russia were shallow earthwork structures covered by wood or fells. Such dwel­lings existed in the Upper Paleolithic period — from 40.000 to 12.000 years ago.

[Historians consider the ancient Egyptians to be the first builders known to mankind. It's through the Egyptians that the modern world learned basic design in erecting buildings ]⁰

Buildings come in a wide amount of shapes and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, to land pric­es, ground conditions, specific uses and aesthetic reasons.

Due to population growth and increasing density in urban areas, buildings become higher. According to the most general characteris­tics, a multi-storey building is a building that has multiple floors above ground in the building. Multi-storey buildings aim to increase the area of the building without increasing the area of the land the building is built on. hence saving land and, on most cases, money (de­pending on material used and land prices in the area).

(1 500 п.зн.)

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