Identification

Ethyl Chloride

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(ЕР)

H3C CH2Cl

C2H5Cl 64.52

Definition Ethyl Chloride is chloroethane. It may be prepared by the action of hydrogen chloride

on Ethanol or on Industrial Methylated Spirit; in the latter case it may contain a small variable

proportion of methyl chloride.

Characteristics Gaseous at ambient temperatures and pressures, but usually compressed to a

colourless, mobile, flammable and very volatile liquid; odour, ethereal.

Slightly soluble in water; miscible with ethanol (96%) and with ether.

A. The infrared absorption spectrum, Appendix II A, is concordant with the reference spectrum of ethyl chloride (RS 135).

B. Burns with a luminous flame with the production of an acid gas.

Acidity or alkalinity Shake 10 ml with 10 ml of iced water and allow the ethyl chloride to evaporate spontaneously. The residual liquid is neutral to litmus solution.

Ethanol Warm 5 ml of the residual liquid obtained in the test for Acidity or alkalinity with iodinated potassium iodide solution and sodium carbonate. No yellow crystals of iodoform are produced.

Ionisable chloride 5 ml of the residual liquid obtained in the test for Acidity or alkalinity yields no

turbidity with silver nitrate solution.

Distillation range Fit a dry 100-ml measuring cylinder with a stopper carrying a short exit tube not

less than 6 mm in internal diameter and an accurately standardised short-bulb thermometer covering

the range –20° to +30° and graduated in increments of 0.1°. Cover the bulb of the thermometer with

a piece of very fine muslin, free from grease and sizing materials, so that one end hangs down about

10 mm below the bulb. Cool the cylinder in ice, transfer to it 100 ml of the sample, previously cooled in ice, insert the stopper and adjust the thermometer so that the end of the muslin dips into the liquid and the bulb is above the surface. Replace the ice with water at 24° to 26° and observe the

temperature when 5 ml of sample has evaporated and again when 5 ml remains. Continually lower

the thermometer to maintain its position relative to the liquid surface throughout the test. Correct the observed temperature by adding 0.26° for every kPa that the barometric pressure is below 101.3 kPa or by subtracting 0.26° for every kPa above. The corrected temperature range is 12.0° to 12.5°.

Apparent specific gravity (0°/15°) Cool a sufficient quantity to about –5° by surrounding the

container with a mixture of methanol and solid carbon dioxide. Transfer the cooled substance being

examined to a hydrometer cylinder standing in melting ice and insert a hydrometer and a thermometer.

The reading on the hydrometer when the temperature has risen to 0° is 0.921 to 0.926.

Other organic compounds On evaporation, no foreign odour is detectable at any stage.

Non-volatile matter When evaporated and dried at 105°, leaves not more than 0.01% w/w of

residue.

Storage Ethyl Chloride should be protected from light and stored at a temperature not exceeding

20°.

Action and use Anaesthetic.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-26