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Tones in questions 2




Билет

Tones in questions 1.

Билет

When we ask a question, we might be trying to find out information that we don`t already know. Alternatively, we might ask a question in order to make sure that information we think we know is in fact, correct.

Finding out questions usually end with a falling tone:

WHAT part of SPAIN were you in?

HOW much ARE they?

Because wh-questions are often used to find out information, they often although not always, end with a falling tone

Making sure ques-s usually end with risisng or fall-rising tone.

Was BRIan there? or was BRIan there?

Because yes –no ques-s are often used to make sure, they often although not always, end with a rising or fall-rising tone.

In making sure questions we can usually use a fall-rising tone or a rising tone with little difference in meaning. However, a fall-rising tone often sounds more polite than a rising tone. In particular, a fall-rising tone is often preferred in questions asked for social reasons, that is mainly to be polite and friendly rather than to check information.

Do you WANT to take your COAT off?

Are you SURE you can MANage that?

2. Make the phonetic analysis of the following words:

Nosebleed- [`nәuzbli:d] 9 letters, 2 syllables, 3 vowels, 1 long, 2 short, 5 consonants, acc to degree of noise 3noise voiced- b, d, z, 2 sonorants- n,l, acc to manner of articulation: 2 occlusive stops: b,d, 1 constrictive fricative- z, 1 occlusive sonorant-n, 1 constrictive sonorant- l, acc to place of articulation: bilabial: b, interdental: z, l, n, alveolar:d

Infection- [in`fekʃn]- 8 letters, 3 syllables, 2 vowels, 2 short vowels, 5 consonants, 2acc to degree of noise: sonorants-n,n, 3voiceless noise cons: k,f,ʃ, acc to place of articulation: labiodental: f, interdental: n, velar:k, palatal alveolar: ʃ, acc to manner of articulation: noise occlusive stops: k, noise constrictive fricatives: f, ʃ, occlusive sonorants: n.

Backpack-[bᵆkpᵆk] 8 letters, 2 syllables, 2 short vowels, 4 consonants, acc to degree of noise: 1 voiced noise consonant- b, 3 voiceless noise cons: k,k,p, acc to manner of articulation: 4 occlusive noise cons: p,b,k,k acc to place of articulation: 2 bilabial: p,b, 2 velar: k,k.

3. Classification of labial consonants:

Answer: Labial consonants are made by the lips. They may be bilabial and labio-dental. Bilabial cons. are produced when both lips are active. They are: [p,b,m,w]

Labio-dental cons are articulated with the lower lip against the edge of the upper teeth. [f,v]

Answer:

Questions are often used to make a comment or exclamation rather than to find out or check information. An answer is not necessarily expected.

Negative yes-no questions are commonly used to show surprise, pleasure, etc, particularly when we encourage others to agree with us. These usually have a falling tone:

WASn`t it TERrible?

HAVen`t been STUpid?

In informal English we can also use positive yes-no questions, particularly to express criticism. These often have a rising tone:

Wh-questions are also used to make comment, particularly ones with modal verbs. These usually have a falling tone:

HOW was I supposed to know?

WHAT`s it to do with YOU?

Sometimes we ask a question and suggest a possible answer ourselves before the hearer replies. As the purpose of these possible answers is to make sure that what we think we know is correct, they usually have a fall-rising tone

Where are you off to? The Supermarket?

We can use questions to give instructions to give or make suggestions. These usually a falling tone. And often include modal verbs:

Will you PLEASE leave it aLONE?

Would you turn the LIGHT off?

2. Make the phonetic analysis of the following words:

Cardigan- ka:digәn, 8 letters, 3 vowels, 1 long, 2 short, 4 cons, 2 noise voiced cons: d,g, 1 sonorant: n, 1 voiceless noise cons: k, acc to manner of art: 3 occlusive stops:k,g, d, 1 occlusive sonorant: n, acc to place of art:: velar: k,g, interdental: n, alveolar:d

Scruffy- skr^fi- 7 letters, 2 syll, 2 vowels, 4 cons, acc to degree of noise: 1 sonorant: r, 3 noise voiceless: s,k,f, acc to manner of art: 2 constrictive fricatives: f,s, occlusive stops: k, constrictive sonorant: r, acc to place of art: labiodental: f, interdental: s, postalveolar:r, velar:k.

Unbelievably- ^nbili: vәbli- 12 letters, 5 syll, 5 vowels, 1 long vowels, 6 cons, 3 sonorants: l,l,n, 3voiced noise: b,b,v, acc to manner of art: 2 occlusive stops: b,b, 1 constrictive fricative: v, 1 occlusive sonorant: n, 2 constrictive sonorants: l,l, acc to place of art: 2 bilabial:b,b, 1 labiodental: v, 3 interdental: l,l,n.

3. Classification of lingual consonants:

Answer: Lingual consonants are classified into forelingual, mediolingula, backlingual

Forelingual cons are articulated with the tip or the blade of the tongue

Acc.to the place of obstruction forelingual cons:

Interdental [Ө, s,z,n,l]

Dental

Alveolar: t,d

Post alveolar: r

Palato alveolar: ʃ, ʒ, ʤ, tʃ

Mediolingual cons are produced with the front part of the tongue. They are always palatal: j,η

Backlingual cons are also called velar, because they are produced with the back part of the tongue raised towards soft palate: k,g




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