Name and expand the main ideas and principles of the post-non classical science

In present period, in the last third of our century we are witnesses of new radical changes in the science bases. These changes can be characterized as the fourth global scientific revolution during which the new post-nonclassical science is born. Intensive use of scientific knowledge practically in all spheres of social life, the change of the nature of scientific activities connected with revolution in means of storage and knowledge acquisition (the science computerization, emergence of difficult and expensive instrument complexes which serve research collectives and function similar to means of industrial production, etc.) changes nature of scientific activities. Along with disciplinary researches cross-disciplinary and problem-oriented forms of research activities are more and more put in the forefront. Specifics of modern science of the end of the 20th century are determined by comprehensive research programs in which specialists of various areas of knowledge take part. In the process of determination of research priorities along with actually informative purposes the purposes of economic and socio-political nature begin to play the increasing role.

Post-nonclassical science (the 2nd half of XX in)

The fundamentals of post-nonclassical science are 4 theories:

1) Theory of systems

2) Theory of self-organization (synergetrics)

3) Management theory

4) Theory of information (Claude Shenon) (opening of algorithms of compression)

Later the mess (2025), a hypothesis of the small world joined them a memetika (Richard Dokens), the game theory (John Nash), the Theory of chaos, the law

Principles of postnesklassichesky science:

1) Syncretism (inseparability of knowledge and value) (technology and ethics)

2) Synergysm (theories of self-organization and development of systems of any nature. In this regard there is more and more becoming stronger idea of the world not only as about spontaneous integrity, but also about as unstable, unstable, nonequilibrium, haosogenny, neopredelennostny.)

3) Principle of integrity (awareness of need of a global comprehensive view of the world.)

4) The end of division on natural and the humanities

5) Emergence of cross-disciplinary knowledge (biochemistry, biophysics)

6) The idea of a koevolution (Moiseyev, the idea (principle) of a koevolution, i.e. integrated interdependent change of systems or parts in whole.)

7) Rapprochement of scientific and vnenatschny knowledge (phenomenon of alternative science)

8) Etizmofscience

Дата добавления: 2017-01-13