До практичних занять з англійської мови

Для студентів І курсу

Факульткету електроенерготехніки та автоматики

Затверджено На засіданні кафедри Іноземних мов Протокол №1 від 30.08.1993

Киів КПІ 1994

Методичні вказівки до практичних занять з англійскої мови для студентів І курсу факультету електроенерготехніки та автоматики /

Упорядн. Л.А.Бріскіна, Н.І.Фляджинська. – К,: КПІ, 1994. – 80с.– Англ. і укр. мова.

Упорядники: Л.А.Бріскіна

Н.І.Фляджинська

Відповідальний за випуск С.Ф.Павлова

Рецензент Н.Ю.Пєпєлова

The name used at the United Nations is the "United Kingdom"; in full, this is the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland". Strictly speaking, England, Great Britain and the British Isles ought only to be used as geographical names, since England is only a part of Great Britain; Great Britain does not include Nothern Ireland, but the British Isles include Great Britain and the whole of Ireland, that is both Nothern Ireland and the Republic of Eire.

Foreigners usually call all British people "English", but the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh do not consider themselves to be English.

The total area of the United Kingdom is 244.000 sq. km. It has a population of 56 million. The most thickly populated part of Great Britain is England.

The country is known for its typically maritime climate with frequent rains, strong winds and continuous fogs. There are many rivers in Great Britain, but none of them is very long. Most of the rivers are connected with one another by means of canals. Scotland is known for the number and beauty of its lakes and wonderful scenery. Great Britain is rich in natural vegetation cover. For centuries, the country has been famous for its cattle-and-sheep-breading. The climate of the whole country is not quite suitable for agriculture. That is why farming is declining in England. Other countries produce foodstuffs with higher productivity and in greater quantities.

Great Britain has a well-developed industry and shipbuilding. Coal is the main source for the development of British industry. The country is rich in mineral resources. There are deposits of high-grade coal and iron ore, as well as copper, lead, zink, tin, chalk and clay suitable for manufacturing china.

Great Britain is one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world. The largest industrial cities of Britain are London, Birmingham, Glasgo, Manchester, Newcastle, Liverpool, Sheffield. There are many textile factories in Manchester. Liverpool is one of the biggest ports of the West. Oxford and Cambridge are university towns.

Now some words about the social system of Great Britain. Britain is a constitutional monarchy.

It has a monarch - either a king or a queen - as its Head of State, but the monarch has very little power. The Queen reigns but she does not rule. Parliament and the existing government have the power.

Asia, Africa and Latin America get their education at the Polytechnic Institute.

The Kiev Polytechnic Institute has foreign economic relations with 45 foreign partners from 12 countries of the world. 29 agreements and 17 contracts have been concluded and 77 protocols have been signed: KPI received the certificate as a participant of foreign economic relations.

The most active international scientific and technological cooperation is carried out by the chairs of the institute with the partners from Poland, Germany, Bulgaria, Denmark, Lebanon, Lately the relations with China, USA, Italy, Vietnam, Spain have become more active.

The institute carries out the exchange of students according to the agreement on cooperation with the Oregon University (USA).

The institute has at its disposal a desease - prevention centre for employers and students.

Our Institute also takes care of students leisure for a well organized leisure is a very important factor in bringing up young specialists.

The Knowledge square become the centre of the whole KPI complex. It has about 105x100m. Meeting, festivals, consecration into students take place there. In summer the square is decorated with lamps, fountains, flowerbeds. The Knowledge square is connected with one of the main city streets - Pobeda (Victory) avenue.

The assembly hall intended for 1750 seats is used for different mass meetings. The opening ceremony and the meeting of the teaching staff was held in August 1984.

Great importance is attached to the development of physical culture at our Institute. There are many sport grounds, football field, voley-ball and basket-ball courts at students' disposal. Many students go in for different kinds of sport according to their liking. It helps them to keep their body healthy and strong. There are lots of rated athlets among the students of our Institute. The names of some graduates are well-known all over the country.

GREAT BRITAIN TODAY

Britain, Great Britain, the United Kingdom (UK for short), England, the British Isles - these different names are some-times used to mean the same thing, and they are frequently used wrongly.

Part I

Unit I

Grammar: Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Tenses. (Active). Word Order.

Pre-text Exercises

I.Practice reading of the following words:

Science [’saı∂ns], scientists [’saı∂ntıst], scientific [saı∂n’tı-fık], deal [dı:l], matter [’mæt∂], motion [’m∂u∫(∂)n], chemi-stry [’kemıstrı], physics [’fızıks], biochemistry [’baı∂’kemı-strı], property [’pr p∂tı], biophysics [ ’ baı∂ ’ fızıks ], tempe-rature [ ’ temprıt∫∂], mechanics [mı’kænıks], nuclear [’nju:k-lı∂], nucleus [’nju:klı∂s], light [laıt], precise [prı’saız], precision [prı’sız(∂)n].

II. Try to memorize the following words:

matter - матерія, to deal with - мати справу з, motion - рух, energy - енергія, force - сила, to include - включати, to explore - досліджувати, property - властивість, nucleus (pl., nuclei) - ядро, exact - точний, descriptive - описувані, precise - точний, precision - точність, applied - прикладні, branch - галузь, to be distinct from - відрізнятися, distinction - відміна, compound - сполучення.

WHAT ARE THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES?

Physical science deals with the non-living parts of the Universe. Chemistry and physics are the two main divisions of the physical sciences. Chemistry is the study of matter and its changes, physics is the study of motion, energy and forces, which act on matter.

Both chemistry and physics include several parts. Chemistry can be devided into the following: 1) biochemistry, which explores chemical changes and products of living organisms; 2) inorganic chemistry, which analyzes chemical elements and compounds without carbon; 3) organic chemistry, which deals with chemical compounds that have carbon; and 4) physical

chemistry, which studies the physical and chemical properties of matter;

Physics includes these fields: (1) biophysics, the study of energy and living things; (2) electricity and magnetism, which deal with the effects of electricity, especially its electromagnetic effects; (3) electronics, the study and control of electrons; (4) heat, which deals with temperature changes; (5) optics, the study of sight and related electromagnetic waves; (6) mechanics, which is considered with the effect of forces on bodies; (7) nuclear physics, in which the atom and its nucleus are studied; and (8) solid state physics, the study of solids with regard to heat, light, and so on.

As you can see from the words "biochemistry", "biophysics", and "physical chemistry", some sciences are combinations of physical sciences or of biological and physical sciences.

Scientists in all these fields have one thing in common; the way they study and solve problems. They do this by using the "scientific method" in their work. The steps in the scientific method are as follows:

1. Problem

2. Hypothesis

3. Experimentation

4. Results

5. Conclusions

Physics is an exact science. It is concerned with precise measurement. Biology, for example, is a descriptive science. It is concerned with describing life forms. Using the knowledge and principles of the exact and descriptive sciences is the concern of the applied sciences. Important concerns of the applied sciences are transportation and communication. Others are building, food, and manufacturing. The applied sciences plans, design, and create means for improvements in these areas.

We see that applied sciences are distinct from the exact and descriptive sciences. They are also distinct from technology.

In general, the applied sciences use the methods and principles of science to solve technological problems. The solutions have practical applications, such as building better bridges, making engines more efficient, or growing more food. This is a primary characteristic of the applied sciences.

fields of technology as: electron instrument engineering, cybernetics, automation and computing technique. Electric power engineering automation department trains specialities in Electrical Networks and Electric Systems, Central Power Plants, High Voltage Technique, Cybernetics of electrical systems. The Electro-acoustic faculty trains specialists in such field of technology as hydroacoustics sound recording, measuring techniques and microprocessors. At the Radio-engineering department young people get the diploma of designers of radioelectronic devices. At the Physico-engineering department students will become metallurgists and specialists studing metals and alloys, power metallurgy and others.

The KPI graduates work at numerous enterprises and research institutions all over the country and abroad. Over four and a half thousand students graduate from the KPI annually.

The teaching staff of our Institute consists of highly qualified teachers, professors and scientists. 70% of the KPI teachers have scientific degrees. Among them there are Academicians and Corresponding Members of the Academy of Sciences, Professors, and Merited Scientists.

Training of full-time students lasts 5 years and 6 months, of tuition by correspondence - 5 years 10 months.

8895 students are accommodated in 21 hostels, 3 of them are at the disposal of married students. So all non-Kiev students are provided with hostel facilities.

The Institute was founded in 1898. It had only four departments: mechanical, agricultural, chemical and civil engineering ones. The first enrolment constituted 360 students.

Some Institutes were organized on the KPI basis. Among them are: the Civil Engineering Institute, Technological Institute of Light and Food Industry, the Institute of Civil Aviation, Automobile and Road Building Institute, Agricultural (now Agricultural Academy) and others. In 1934-1944 the KPI was called an Industrial Institute.

A large number of prominent people worked and studied at the KPI: E. O. Paton, the founder of electric welding; M. I. Konovalov, a well-known chemist; I. P. Bardin, the greatest metallurgist in the country; A. M. Lyulka, the chief of airplain engines and S. P. Korolyov, the great designer of spaceships. President of the First Examining Board in chemistry faculty was Dmitry Mendeleyev.

More than 1000 young people from 37 countries of Europe,

information and computing technique - інформаційно-обчислювальна техніка

to train - навчати

electron instrument engineering - електронно-вимірювальна техніка

hydroacoustic sound recording - гідро-акустичний звукозапис

measuring technique - вимірювальна техніка

to get the diploma - одержати диплом

device - прилад

physico-engineering - інженерно-фізичний

alloy - сплав

to graduate from - зaкiнчувaти / вуз /

enterprise - підприсмство

research - дослідження

all over the country - по всій країні

teaching staff - викладацький склад /персонал/

academician - академік

to last - тривати

tuition by correspondence - навчання заочно

at the disposal - y розпорядженні

to be founded - бути заснованим

civil engineering - інженерно-будівельний

electric welding - електрозварювання

economic relations - економічні відношення

to carry out the exchange - здійснювати обмін

desease-prevention centre - профілакторій

to take care of leisure - турбуватись

consecration into students - присвячення y студенти

assembly hall - актовий зал

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