The Kiev Polytechnic Institute 1 страница

The Kiev Polytechnic Institute is one of the biggest higher educational institutions in Ukraine. It is well-known not only in our country but abroad as well.

The Institute is situated not far from the centre of the city in a beautiful shady park.

At present the number of students in the KPI exceeds 30000.

They obtain qualification on 68 specialities and 70 specializations at the KPI in 3 branches of the Institute (in the towns of Zhitomir, Chernigov, Cherkassy). There are 16 depar-tments and a college, among them there is the department of information and computing technique that trains students in such

Exercises

I. Choose the letters of the examples in the right-hand column which correspond with the terms in the left-hand column.

d	1.	matter	a.	Mass
-	2.	motion	b.	an earthworm
-	3.	energy	c.	Gravity
-	4.	force	d.	gas, a liquid, a solid
-	5.	organism	e.	Protons + neutrons
-	6.	property	f.	solar power
-	7.	nucleus	g.	Walking

II. Choose the items in the right-hand column under the correct headings in the left-hand column.

A.	Chemistry	a.	Biophysics
1.	---	b.	Electricity and magnetism
2.	---	c.	Organic chemistry
B.	Physics	d.	Heat
1.	---	e.	Biochemistry
2.	---	f.	Light
3.	---
4.	---

III. Match the terms below with their meanings.

b. 1.	The physical sciences	a.	The study of light and related electro-magnetic waves
__ 2.	The "scientific method"
__ 3.	Optics	b.	The study of the non-living parts of the universe
__ 4.	Biophysics
__ 5.	Electronics	c.	The study and control of electrons
	d.	The way scientists study and solve problems
e.	The study of energy and living things

IV. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What are the two main divisions of the physical sciences?

2. What is chemistry?

3. What is physics?

4. What sciences does chemistry include?

5. What sciences does physics include?

6. What is common for all sciences?

7. What are the steps of the scientific method?

8. What is the concern of the applied sciences?

V. Use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets. Pay attention to the word-order.

1. After their experimental work in the laboratory, our students (to air) the laboratory for 10 minutes.

2. You (to study) the main principles of dynamics at school.

3. My friend (to graduate) from the institute two Years ago.

4. Next year this magazine (to publish) some articles on the use of his discovery.

5. Einstein's theory (to give) a mathematical explanation of the world's structure.

6. I (to read) two articles by Prof. Petrov this month.

7. The student (to study) the necessary technique by the end of the last term.

8. K. E. Tsiolkovsky (to develop) already the theory of space flight long before the 1-st space rocket was built.

9. There is a group of students in the laboratory. The students at the 1-st bench (to measure) the temperature of liquids.

10. The building of the Polytechnic Institute (to face) the town park.

VI. Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences and translate them.

1. The teacher of English marks our mistakes in red.

2. After their experimental work, the students do not leave the laboratory for a long time.

3. At this temperature, the properties of the gas changed greatly.

4. Our engineers will take part in all the measurements next week.

5. I have taken the book from the library today.

Ex. 4. If you were an English tourist what questions would you ask about Kiev as an industrial centre of Ukraine?

Ex. 5. You show the foreign tourists monuments associated with the Great Patriotic war, what would you tell them about Kiev's occupation by fascist invaders?

Ex. 6. There are the questions you might ask your groupmates about their native city Kiev:

1. What city is the Ukrainian capital?

2. Where does Kiev lie?

3. What is the main street of Kiev?

4. How many residents live in Kiev?

5. When was Kiev founded?

6. What historical places are there in Kiev?

7. When did Kiev become the capital of the Ukrainian Republic?

8. What can you say about Kiev as the industrial centre?

9. Is Kiev a great scientific and cultural centre?

10. What monuments associated with the Great Patriotic war do you know in Kiev?

IV. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English:

1. Київ - одне з найкрасивіших міст у Європі.

2. Київ - стародавне місто. В 1982 році місто відзначало своє 1500-річчя.

3. У Кисві є багато історичних місць, серед яких Софіївський собор, який було збудовано в ХI сторіччі.

4. У нашому місті є багато промислових підприсмств.

5. Київ було дуже зруйновано в роки Великої Вітчизняної війни.

6. Сьогодні Київ - це великий промисловий, науковий та культурний центр нашої держави.

7. Ми пишасмось нашим містом.

OUR INSTITUTE.

I. Check each other if you know the Ukrainian equivalents to the following words:

higher educational institution - вуз

well-known - відомий

abroad - за кордоном

to be situated - розташовуватись

to exceed - перевищувати

to obtain qualification - отримати кваліфікацію

lot of branch scientific research institutions are placed in the capital.

Kiev is also a great educational and cultural centre of Ukraine. It is a real city of students, nearly 300000 students study at different higher schools, technical and specialized secondary schools in Kiev. Kiev's cultural life is rich and varied. Kiev has many fine museums, such as: the State Historical Museum, the T. G. Shevchenko State museum, the State museum of Ukrainian Applied Art, the State museum of Russian Art, Zoological museum etc. The National art of Ukraine is exhibited in the Museum of the Ukrainian Art. The famous T. G. Shevchenko Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Ivan Franko Ukrainian Drama Theatre, the Lesya Ukrainka Russian Drama Theatre and a lot of other theatres are greatly appreciated by Kievites and guests from other towns and countries.

The city's history is rich in glorious and tragic events. It repelled numerous enemy attacks, rose from the ruins and became more and more beautiful. During the Great Patriotic war Kiev was greatly ruined, it was liberated from fascist occupation on November 6, 1943. For the heroism displayed by Kievites in the struggle against the fascist invaders Kiev was awarded the title of Hero-city. There are many monuments in Kiev associated with the Great Patriotic war, such as: the Monument to General M. F. Vatutin, the Obelisk of Glory at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Park of Immortal Glory, the Museum of the Great Patriotic war with Statue of Motherland on it, the Victory Memorial at Pobeda Square and others. Day by day Kiev becomes more and more beautiful. Kiev is an ancient but ever young city. Kievites are proud of Kiev.

III. Exercises.

Ex. 1. Read aloud and in a rush tempo the part of the text about:

a) historical monuments of Kiev;

b) Kiev during the Great Patriotic war;

c) Kiev as an educational and cultural centre.

Ex. 2. You show your town to English speaking visitors. What would you say about its foundation?

Ex. 3. You are a guide and take foreign guests on a sightseeing route about the most interesting places. What would you show them in the first place?

6. After the laboratory man had brought all the necessary tables, the lecture began.

7. Pete and Bob are not here. They are reading the instructions for the next laboratory work.

8. Radio waves are the longest members of the family of electromagnetic waves.

9. The apparatus will be working when you come.

10. The engineers will discuss the advantages of this new system.

11. He has graduated from the Moscow University. He graduated from the Moscow University in 1978.

12. My friend has already published the results of his discovery.

VII. Put all possible questions to the following sentences.

1. The applied sciences use the methods and principles of science to solve technological problems.

2. This text has dealt with the exact sciences and the descriptive sciences.

3. Physics is an exact science.

VIII. Put 5 questions to the Text. Ask your partner the question.

IX. The text contains three main ideas. Devide the text into three logical parts and say briefly what each part is about.

X. Retell the text.

7
Unit 2

Grammar: Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Tenses (Passive).

Modal verbs.

Pre-text Exercises.

I. Practise reading of the following words:

Coal [koul], source [s:s], however [hau’ev∂], efficient [ı’fı-∫∂nt], alternate [:l’t∂:nıt], geothermal [ d zı: ’Θ∂m∂l], earth [∂:lhǿΘ], expensive [ıks’pensıv], subterranean [,sΛbt∂’reınj∂n], natural [’næt∫r∂l], enough [ı’nΛf], dangerous [’deındzr∂s], injure [’ındz∂], surface [s∂:fıs], controversial [,k ntr∂’v∂:∫∂l].

II. Try to memorize the following words:

source - джерело, to provide - забезпечувати, to increase - збільшувати, to support - підтримувати, oil - нафта, solar - сонячний, geothermal - геотермичний, cell - батарея, device - обладнання, expensive - коштовний, to drill - бурити, to pipe - качати, waste - використаний, controversial - спірний fossil - корисна копалина, fuel - паливо, to damage - псувати, руйнувати, pollutant - забруднювач, coolant - охолоджувач, safety - безпека.

THE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Fire, water, wind, coal, and oil are important sources of energy. They provide electricity. Because the world population is increasing, and because industry and. technology are growing, additional supplies of energy are needed to support today's industrial civilization. Some energy sources, such as oil and gas, are hard to get and expensive, however. Others are not yet efficient. The development of alternate sources of energy is an impotant goal of today's scientists and technologists.

Solar energy comes from the sun's heat. Large panels are used to collect the heat brough to the earth by the rays of the sun. Solar energy can be used to heat water and homes and to generate electricity.

applied art - ужиткове мистецтво

to appreciate (-ed, -ed) - високо цінувати

labour - праця

to interrupt (-ed, ed) - переривати

invader - загарбник

to display - виявляти

tomb - могила

glory - слава

immortal - вічний

pride - гордість

II. Read and translate the text "Kiev - the capital of Ukraine".

Kiev - the capital of Ukraine

The ancient city Kiev is the capital of the independent sovereign Ukraine, its political, administrative, scientific, industrial, educational and cultural centre. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Kiev lies on the picturesque banks of the Dnipro river. Khreshchatik is the main thoroughfare of the city.

About three million residents inhabit the Ukrainian capital. Kiev is one of the oldest cities in Europe, it was founded in the fourth century. Therefore, it's no wonder, that there is a lot of ancient places of interest in our city. Among them we can see the Klevo-Pechersky Monastery (Lavra), the Vydubitsky monastery, the Golden Gate, the Mariinsky Palace, the Andriivska church, the Kyrylivska church, the Monument to Prince Volodymyr, the monument to the famous Ukrainian statesman and military leader Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the Volodymyrsky Cathedral and others. The St. Sophia Cathedral built in the eleventh century is one of the most distinguished monuments of ancient architecture.

Kiev became the capital of Ukraine in 1934. Kiev's monuments of the past are integrated with modern buildings - attractive hotels, cinemas, TV tower, metro stations, etc. At present Kiev is a large industrial centre of Ukraine. Lots of different plants and factories are located in this city. Complex automatic lathes, cameras, excavators, motorcycles, river boats, electrical measuring instruments and many other goods are produced at Kiev's enterprises. Kiev is known as a large scientific centre too. The Ukrainian Academy of sciences and a

Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English you will be given in the control paper.

1. Україна проголосила свою державну незалежність на Сесії Верховної Ради 4 серпня 1991 року.

2. Наша держава дуже багата на корисні копалини.

3. Україна є членом Організації Об'єднаних Націй.

4. Україна є одна з найбільш розвинутих країн співдруності незалежних держав.

5. Наша країна володіє багатою матеріальною та технічною базою.

6. УкраЇнські вчені збагатили світову науку своїми відкриттями в різних галузях техніки та науки.

7. УкраЇнська література та мистецтво відомі на всіх континентах світу.

8. Столиця України Київ є одне з найкрасивіших міст у Європі.

9. Наша держава підтримує тісні культурні зв'язки з багатьма країтнами світу.

10. Зовнішня політика нашого уряду спрямована на зміцнення миру та безпеки у всьому світі.

KIEV – THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE

I. Memorise the following words and word combinations:

picturesque banks - мальoвничі береги

to occupy (-ed, -ed) - займати, окуповувати

building - будова

resident - мешканець, житель

historian - історик

church - церква

cathedral - собор

ancient - стародавній

to greet (-ed, -ed) – вітати

envoy - посланець

to approve (-ed, -ed) - схвалити

decision - рішення

reunification - возз'єднення

to integrate - становити одне цiле

lathe - токарний верстат

camera - фотокамера /апарат/

measuring - вимірювальний

enterprise - підприємство

Although solar energy can be changed into heat, light, mechanical power, and chemical energy, there are problems in using it effectively. One problem with solar energy is that many places often have dark, cloudy weather. How can power from the sun be collected in such places. One answer is the solar cell, which stores energy for use when there are no direct rays from the sun. Another problem is that, up to now, solar cells cannot provide energy as cheaply and efficiently as other devices can. For this problem there is at present no answer. As oil becomes more expensive, more and more countries are turning to cool as a source of energy. The main difficulty with coal is that it pollutes the air. It may even be the source of "acid rain", which is rain containing harmful chemicals.

Geothermal energy comes from subterranean water? To get geothermal energy we must drill wells and pipe the hot water to the radiators in homes and factories. The problem is that geothermal energy is not available everywhere.

There is another way to use hot water for heating: to use waste heat and hot water from factories and mills.

One of today's most controversial subjects is nuclear or atomic power. In the past, fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas provided enough energy, but now they are harder to get and more expensive. People in developing countries need cheap energy for better lives. People in industrialized countries want to keep their high standard of living. Nuclear power can provide energy for both these purposes.

However, many people oppose atomic energy. They say nuclear power can be dangerous. A single accident could kill or injure thousands of people.

A strong argument of the proponents of nuclear energy is that it is clean. Uranium mines do not damage the land as surface coal mines do. Coal-and oil-powered industries excit ugly, bad-smelling pollutants; nuclear generators do not. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear reactors pour coolants into streams and rivers. These coolants change the temperature of the water. Opponents state that the temperature changes cause damage to fish and plants.

The safety question is the most important of all. Every nuclear generator has radioactive waste products. Those opposed to atomic power say that this waste is dangerous, because it is hard find safe places in which to store it.

Exercises.

I. Put the letter of the correct expression in the blank before each number.

-1. Proponents of nuclear power say that it is clean; _______; if is efficient.	a) on the other hand b) moreover c) nevertheless
-2. Opponents of nuclear power say that it is not safe; _______; proponents say that it is safe.	a) however b) furthermore c) moreover
-3. Oil is expensive; ________; it can be dirty.	a) moreover b) nevertheless c) however
-4. Surface coal mines damage the land; __________; mines do not.	a) furthermore b) moreover c) on the other hand
-5. Many people favor nuclear energy; _______; many other people fear it.	a) however b) moreover c) furthermore

II. Say whether the following statements are true or false:

1. Oil is considered an alternate source of energy.

2. Coal, the sun, and the wind are sources of energy.
3. Solar energy is cheap and efficient.
4. The sun's heat can be collected by panels.
5. Photo cells can be used in places with dark, cloudy weather.
6. "Acid" rain results from the use of solar power.
7. The subject of atomic energy is highly controversial.
8. Fossil fuels come from the atmosphere.
9. Proponents of nuclear power say if is dangerous.
10. Coolants lower the temperature of river water.
11. An important problem of nuclear reactors is where to store waste products.

Ex. 3. You are invited to participate in the International conference. What questions would you be asked by your foreign colleagues about Ukraine?

Ex. 4. You show your native city Kiev to English-speaking visitors. What places of interest would you like to show them in the first place?

Ex. 5. You have a close friend in Canada. What would you write him on the achievements of Ukraine in the field of industry and science?

Ex. 6. You are taking part in Institute's English Olympiad. How would you answer the question on the foreign policy of the Ukrainian State?

Ex. 7. These are the questions you might ask your groupmates about the Ukraine.

1. When did Ukraine proclaim its State Independence?

2. Does the Ukrainian people mark this day as the national holiday?

3. When did All-Ukrainian Referendum take place?

4. How many states are there in the Commonwealth of the Independent States?

5. What territory does Ukraine cover?

6. How many people inhabit this state?

7. Where are mountains situated?

8. Is the most of Ukraine's territory covered with mountains?

9. What are the main sea ports of Ukraine?

10. What is Odessa famous for?

11. How many lakes and water reservoirs are there on the territory of the State?

12. What city is the capital of Ukraine?

13. What is this state rich in?

14. What does the Ukrainian State produce?

15. Did Ukrainian scientists enrich the world science with their discoveries? 16. Does this state take an active part in the work of different international organizations?

17. Is Ukraine the member of the United Nations?

18. What is the foreign policy of the Ukrainian government directed to?

ore, potassium, salt and other mineral resources.

Ukraine possesses a big metallurgic, machine-building, fuel end power base; it is a producer of chemicals and agricultural raw materials.

Ukraine produces planes and ocean liners, locomotives and carriages, tractors and combines, excavators and cars, up-to-date lathes and different instruments, electronic microscopes and TV-sets, computers and synthetic diamonds.

Scientists of Ukraine enriched the world science with important discoveries and inventions. They do significant research work in biology, medicine, nuclear physics, in the exploration of semiconductors, in the electric welding. A great contribution is made by Ukrainian literature and art which are rapidly developing. The best works of the Ukrainian literature and theatrical, musical and decorative arts are well-known the world over on all the continents.

The Ukrainian State is a member of the United Nations and takes an active part in the work of various international organizations. The Ukrainian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign countries maintains ties with hundreds of organizations and public figures of many states all over the world. The International activities of Ukraine and its Government are directed towards realizing the foreign policy of peaceful coexistence of states with different social systems, a policy aimed at strengthening peace and security in the whole world.

III. Exercises

Ex. 1. Read aloud and in a good tempo the part of the text about:

a) the Ukraine's State Independence; b) industrial production in Ukraine; c) participating Ukraine in different organizations.

Ex. 2. You meet foreign guests arriving in Ukraine for a short visit. What would you tell them about?

a) the Act of the Ukraine's Independence;

b) the natural conditions of Ukraine;

c) its sea ports;

d) dendro-parks in Ukraine.

III. Compare and contrast:

nuclear solar geothermal fossil

power is

dangerous safe dirty clean efficient mefficient

moreover furthermore on the other hand nevertheless however

it is

safe dirty clean efficient mefficient dangerous

IV. Answer the following questions to the text:

1. What sources of energy provide electricity?

2. Why are additional supplies of energy needed?

3. What is an important goal of today's scientists and technologists?

4. Where can solar energy be used?

5. What are the problems in using solar energy?

6. Why are more and more countries turning to coal as a source of energy?

7. How do they get geothermal energy?

8. What is another way to use hot water for heating?

9. Why do many people oppose atomic energy?

10. What is a strong argument of the proponents of nuclear energy?

V. Read the following; fill in the blanks with modal verbs:

A. How many people can the room seat?

B. The room _______ seat 30 people.

A. Can your brother read English books without using a dictionary?

B. Yes, he __________. He knows English well.

A. May we use the glass tubes for the tests with these liquids?

B. No, you __________________________.

A. May we cross the street here?

B. Oh, you _______________ do this. It is very dangerous,

VI. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the modal verbs, functions of the verbs "to be", "to have":

1. First you must study the laboratory instruction and only then you can begin the experiment.

2. This plant is to begin its work in the end of the month.

3. At this signal, the operator is to start the machine.

4. My friend and I are going to prepare for our studies in the reading room.

5. He has to come to the reading room in time.

6. You should read the text again.

7. The engineer has to come to the shop as soon as possible.

8. The company has to construct the factory in a year.

9. They have the radio-set and can radio their commands to the radio station.

10. Our aim is to accomplish this task as soon as possible.

11. Smoking is dangerous.

12. They have already passed the exams.

13. He had to work hard to complete the work in time.

14. -Must we go to the institute today? -No, you need not.

15. This device can fulfil this operation.

Vll. Read the following sentences and say which of them are in the Active and which are in the Passive Voice. Translate them.

1. Trains, airplanes and ships are equipped with various electronic devices.

2. Many thousand years ago, the Greeks also used a foot measure.

3. At the institutes the students are taught many different subjects.

4. The academic year is divided into two terms.

5. The first iron bridge, was built in 1778.

6. The student was asked many questions at the examination of physics.

7. At present, they are studying various aspects of this problem.

8. The student was carrying out this experiment for twenty minutes.

9. This text has just been translated.

10. This question has already been discussed at the conference.

11. This problem will be dealt with in the next chapter.

12. Now solar energy is being studied by a lot of research groups.

VIII. Read the dialogue; fill in the blanks:

A. Do you know that up to the latest decades two systems of

II. Read and translate the text "Ukraine".

Ukraine

Ukraine proclaimed its State Independence at the Session of the Supreme Soviet on the 24th of August 1991. The All -Ukrainian Referendum taking place on December 1, 1991 has corroborated the decision of the Ukrainian Parliament. More than 80% of the residents of the Ukrainian State have voted for its State Independence. The President of the Independent Ukraine has been elected. Since 1992 August 24-th has been market, as the nation-wide holiday of the Ukrainian Independence. At present Ukraine and ten former Soviet Republics (except Baltic State and Georgia) have formed the Commonwealth of the Independent States (C.I.S.)

Ukraine has its organs of state power and administration, its political, public and cultural organizations. It covers an area of 603,703 square kilometres. Most of its territory consists of plains. Mountains are situated in the West and South of the country. The highest peak is Hoverla (2,061m) in the Carpathians. Crimean mountains are in the South and are not high.

The Southern part of Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Asov. The main sea ports are Odessa, Kherson, Kerch, Sebastopol and Yalta, Odessa being the largest port on the Black Sea. This Hero-city is famous for its heroic defence against the fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic war.

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