The power mechanism. The VIbrator mechanism

THE 1ST COMPONENT OF THE PH SYSTEM OF ENGLISH

The first component of the Ph structure of English is the sys of its segmental phonemes existing in the material form of their allophones constituted by the spectral, fundamental frequency, force and temporal components of the sound matter of lang in various combinations.

The systemic character of the phonemic component is reflected in various classifications of its phonemes in which the letters are divided first into 2 fundamental sound types – vowels and consonants – with further subdivision of each sound type according to the principles of vowel and cons classifications.

The phonemic component of the Ph structure of the E lang manifests itself not only in the sys of its phonemes as discrete isolated units, but also in combinations of their allophones occurring in words and at the junction of words.

The combinations of allophones are also systemic in character, the allophones of the phoneme occur only in definite positions, e.g. the E sounds [u, h] never occur at the beginning of a word, whereas the sounds [эе, h] never occur at the end of E word. There is not a single Russian word, which begins with the vowel [ы].

A typical combination of cons sounds that may occur at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a word is called a cons cluster, the combination of vowels is sometimes referred to as a vowel chain. Clusters and chains also occur in definite positions. Thus, the E clusters – [tl,dl] never occur at the beginning of words, whereas the similar Rus clusters [Тл,дл] never occur at the end of words, e.g. sadle, длань.

The occurrence of the allophones of a phoneme in different positions in a word is called the distribution. Since morphemes, words, phrases and sentences consist of combinations of speech sounds which articulations merge with and interpenetrate each other. It is also systemic in character because lang-s have regular rules of effecting articulatory vowel cons transitions, CV transitions, CC transitions, VV tran.

Thus, the phonemic component of the Ph sys of E has 3 aspects:

1) The sys of its phonemes as discrete isolated units which may occur in speech as isolated sounds constituting monophonemic words and sometimes even sentences;

2) The distribution of the allophones of the phonemes

3) The methods of joining speech sounds together or the methods of effecting VC, CV, CC, VV transitions.

The articulation of every speech sound and the transition from the articulation of 1 sound to the articulation of another are effected and controlled by the action of the muscles situated in the organs of speech involved. These muscles are activated by impulses sent from the brain. Some linguists such as Щерба and his follower Мутусевич associate the articulatory aspect of speech sounds with their biological aspect. On the one hand, the human brain is the original source of speech, and on the other, it perceives speech sounds coming from the external world.

Speech is impossible without these 4 mechanisms:

1. The power mechanism 2. The vibrator mech 3. The resonator mech

4. The obstructer mech

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