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Ключевые термины
Вопросы для обсуждения
1. Как бы вы описали различные группы потребителей спорта? 2. Почему важно знать, что влияет на поведение потребителей? 3. Какие факторы, на ваш взгляд, важны для привлечения болельщиков на стадионы? 4. Опишите главные шаги в рамках любой модели принятия решений в спорте. 5. Опишите шаги в рамках процесса принятия решений футбольным игроком, а затем заядлым футбольным болельщиком. 6. Расскажите, как различные ситуационные, временные и другие внешние факторы влияют на потребление в спорте.
Рекомендованная литература
Более подробную информацию по рассматриваемым в этой главе вопросам можно почерпнуть в следующих работах. Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W. and Engel, J. F. (2001) Consumer Behaviour, Orlando, FL: Harcourt. Maslow, A. H. (1970) Motivation and Personality, New York: Harper and Row. Shank, M. D. (2005) Sport Marketing: A Strategic Perspective, 3rd edn, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Shilbury, D., Quick, S. and Westerbeek, H. (2003) Strategic Sport Marketing, Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Solomon, M. R. (2004) Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being, 6th edn, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Wann, D. L. (1995) Preliminary validation of the sport fan motivation scale, Journal of Sport & Social Issues Nov: 337–396. Zaltman, G. (2003) How Customers Think: Essential Insights Into the Mind of the Market, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Потребители спортивных продуктов; потребление; продвижение спорта; процесс принятия решений потребителями; эндорсмент (использование рекомендаций знаменитостей в рекламных целях).
Библиография
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(2001) The psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual’s psychological connection to sport, Sport Management Review 4: 119–150. Funk, D. C., Haugtvedt, C. P. and Howard, D. R. (2000) Contemporary attitude theory in sport: Theoretical considerations and implications, Sport Management Review 3: 125–144. Gratton, C., Kokolakakis, T., Ping Kung, S. and O’Keeffe, L. (2001) Sport Market Forecasts 2001–2005, Sheffi eld: SIRC. Hill, B. and Green, B. C. (2000) Repeat attendance as a function of involvement, loyalty, and the sportscape across three football contexts, Sport Management Review 3: 145–162. Holt, D. (1995) How consumers consume: A typology of consumption practices, Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1): 1–16. Howard, D. R. (1999) The changing fanscape for big‑league sports: Implications for sport managers, Journal of Sport Management 13: 78–91. Howard, D. R. and Crompton, J. L. (1995) Financing Sport, Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc. iStart (2005) “Super 12 text messaging campaigns build fan loyalty”, cited 8 March 2005, retrieved 21 May 2006, from http://www.istart.co.nz. Kearney, A. T (2003) The new sports consumer, Illinois: A.T. Kearney Inc. Kurylko, D. (2004) Subaru’s affiliate marketing pays off, Automotive News 78 (6099): 20B. Laverie, D. A. and Arnett, D. B. (2000) Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction, Journal of Leisure Research 32 (2): 225–246. Lewes, J. (2004) “News Corp nabs rugby”, News – International, cited 23 December, retrieved 21 May 2006, from http://global.factiva.com/en/arch/display. asp. Lough, N. and Irwin, R. (2001) A comparative analysis of sponsorship objectives for U.S. women’s sport and traditional sport sponsorship, Sport Marketing Quarterly 10 (4): 202–211. Madrigal, R. 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(1999) Playpower – sports meets marketing, European Journal of Marketing 33 (3/4): 241–249. Ohanian, R. (1990) Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness, Journal of Advertising 19 (l): 39–52. Ohanian, R. (1991) The impact of celebrity spokespersons’ perceived image on consumers’ intention to purchase, Journal of Advertising Research 13 (l): 46–55. Quick, S. (2000) Contemporary sport consumers: Some implications of linking fan typology with key spectator variables, Sport Marketing Quarterly 9 (3): 149–56. Shank, M. D. (2005) Sport Marketing: A Strategic Perspective, 3rd edn, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Shilbury, D., Quick, S. and Westerbeek, H. (2003) Strategic Sport Marketing, Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Solomon, M. R. (2004) Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being, 6th edn, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Stewart, B., Smith, A. and Nicholson, M. (2003) Sport consumer typologies: A critical review, Sport Marketing Quarterly 12 (4): 206–216. Sutton, W., McDonald, M., Milne, G. and Cimperman, J. (1997) Creating and fostering fan identification in professional sports, Sport Marketing Quarterly 6 (1): 15–22. Tomlinson, M., Buttle, F. and Moores, B. (1995) The fan as customer: Customer service in sports marketing, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing 3 (l): 19–33. Wakefield, K. L. and Sloan, H. J. (1995) The effects of team loyality and selected stadium factors on spectator attendance, Journal of Sport Management 9: 153–172. Wann, D. L. and Branscombe, N. R. (1990) Die‑hard and fair‑weather fans: Effects of identification on BIRGing and CORFing tendencies, Journal of Sport and Social Issues 14 (2): 103–117. Westerbeek, H. M. and Shilbury, D. (1999) Increasing the “focus” on place in the marketing mix for facility dependent sport services, Sport Management Review 2: 1–23. Westerbeek, H. and Smith, A. (2003) Sport business in the global marketplace, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Vranica, S. and Walker, S. (2002) Tiger Woods switches watches: Branding experts disapprove, Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition, 7 October.
Рекомендованные веб‑сайты
Business of Sport Management Companion site http://www.booksites.net/download/chadwickbeech/index.html
Глава 6
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